Gastrointestinal Conditions and Infections

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts related to gastrointestinal conditions, including definitions of conditions and relevant symptoms, risks, and causes.

What is a Mallory-Weiss tear?

A tear in the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, causing severe bleeding.

What are the primary risk factors for a Mallory-Weiss tear?

Alcoholism and eating disorders.

What is the principal cause of Mallory-Weiss tears?

Violent coughing or vomiting.

What infection is caused by Clostridium difficile?

A bacterial infection that presents with symptoms such as diarrhea.

How can C difficile be transmitted to other patients?

Through contact with contaminated surfaces or unwashed hands of healthcare providers.

Which cleaning agent is important for preventing the spread of C difficile?

A chlorine-based cleaning agent.

What are the signs and symptoms of severe vomiting related to pregnancy?

Upper abdominal pain, hematemesis, and melena.

What defines acute gastroenteritis?

A family of conditions characterized by infection combined with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

What causes gastroenteritis?

Bacterial and viral organisms entering the body through contaminated food or water.

What are common symptoms of gastroenteritis?

Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and anorexia.

What dietary changes can lead to diverticulitis?

A decrease in fiber consumption.

What is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in the United States?

Diverticulosis.

What are classic signs of diverticulitis?

Abdominal pain (localized to the left lower abdomen), fever, malaise, and potential nausea.

What complication can occur if diverticulitis is left untreated?

Peritonitis and septic shock.