stoichiometry

Stoichiometry

Mathematical relationships in chemical formulas and equations

Based on mole trinity

Mole trinity/square

1 mole

22.4 L of gas @STP

Atomic mass or formula mass

6.022 × 10²³ things (e,p,n molecules, F.un)

Hydrates

Solid ionic compounds whose crystal lattice structure contain locked in water molecules in definite proportions

• H2O not bonded but trapped

• Water can be driven off by heat

• Produces dry anhydrous

• Tends to absorb water again

• Will reform in same ratio

• Color change will happen

Theoretical yield

Calculated maximum amount of product possible from the given amounts of reactants

Actual Yield

Measured amount of product actually produced and collected

Percent yield

Ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield multiplied by 100

Percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100

Excess reactant

Reactant that will not entirely be used up in a reaction

Limiting reactant/factor

Reactant that is consumed completely that determines the amount of product which can be made

-cost, availability, and danger is a factor