lab practical II

renal cortex

outer region of the kidney; filtration and reabsorption

renal medulla

inner portion of the kidney; contains renal pyramids; reabsorption and collection

renal pyramids

triangular-shaped areas in the medulla of the kidney

renal pelvis

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter; collection

renal columns

Inward extensions of the cortex tissue separating the renal pyramids.

ureter

tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Renal pyramid

Label B

Ureter

Label c ?

Descending aorta

Label D

Renal artery

Label E

Kidney

Label F

Renal vein

Label G

Urinary bladder

Label H

Proximal tubule

Label A

Nephron loop

Label B

Renal corpuscle

Label c

Distal tubule

Label D

Renal cortex

Label E

Renal medulla

Label F

Collecting duct

Label G

Blood flow pathway

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

pathway of food through the digestive tract

oral cavity

ingestion, mechanical processing, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions

pharynx

passageway for food

esophagus

moves food to stomach via peristalsis

stomach

chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes; secretes gastric juice; creates chyme

stomach function

chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes; secretes gastric juice; creates chyme

small intestine

absorption of nutrients (label J)

jejunum

Label H

Ileum

Label E

large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

transverse colon

Label G

descending colon

Label I

Cecum

Label D

teeth

mechanical digestion

tongue

moves food around; aids in bolus formation; initiates swallowing

salivary glands

produce saliva

liver

produces bile

gallbladder

stores bile

pancreas

production of enzymes (pancreatic juice) for digestion/absorption in small intestine

solid food

state of material when entering oral cavity

bolus (chewed mass)

state of material when exiting oral cavity

bolus

state of material in pharynx

bolus

state of material in esophagus

bolus

state of material when entering the stomach

chyme

state of material when exiting the stomach

chyme

state of material in the small intestine

semi-solid

state of material when entering the large intestine

feces

state of material when exiting the large intestine

1. ingestion

2. propulsion

3. mechanical digestion

4. chemical digestion

5. absorption

6. defecation

digestive processes

mucosa

Submucosa

muscularis externa

Serosa

hepatocytes

cells of the liver

acinar cells

cells of pancreas

brush border cells (enterocytes), duodenal cells

small intestine cells

chief cells, parietal cells

cells of the stomach

Renal cortex

Connecting tissue wrapping that surrounds kidney

Renal pyramid

Renal capsule

Outer region of kidney

Renal pelvis

Kidney region continuous with the ureter

Renal artery

Supplies the kidney with blood

Renal vein

Drains blood from the kidneys

Ureter

Transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Nephron

Microscopic, functional unit of kidney

Renal medulla

Houses renal pyramids

esophagus histology

only one with stratified squamous epithelium; adventitia (outermost layer)

Lumen

What does label A show?

Mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium

what layer is label B and what is it made of?

submucosa

what layer is label C ?

skeletal muscle cells

what cell type does label D show ?

smooth muscle cells

what does cell type does label D show ?

stomach (histology)

gastric pits towards the top, glands towards the bottom; mucosa cells, parietal cells, chief cells, endocrine cells; oblique muscle of muscularis externa

gastric pits

What does label A represent?

parietal cells

what does label B represent ?

chief cells

what does label C represent ?

muscularis mucosae

what does label D represent ?

small intestine (histology)

villi; microvilli; adventitia

jejunum

what part of the small intestine this photomicrograph represent ?

villi

what does label A represent ?

goblet cells

what does label B represent ?

large intestine (histology)

what does this photomicrograph represent ?

liver (histology)

(donut shaped) hepatocytes; arterioles; venules

submandibular gland (histology)

• serous acini: produces saliva (dark pink circles

• mucous acini: produces lubricating mucus (light circles)

pancreas (histology)

• pancreatic islet: controls glucose blood level (lighter pink area)

• acinar tissue: produces pancreatic juice (darker pink)

adrenal gland

label A

kidney

label D

ureter

label e

urinary bladder

stores urine; label f

urethra

conveys urine to the outside of the body; label g

aorta

label b

inferior vena cava

Label c

abdominal aorta -> renal artery -> segmental arteries -> interlobar arteries -> Arcuate arteries -> interlobular arteries -> afferent arterioles -> glomeruli -> efferent arterioles -> peritubular capillaries

arterial path of kidneys

Venous path of kidneys

peritubular capillaries -> interlobular veins -> arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal vein -> inferior vena cava

urinary bladder (histology)

mucosa is transitional epithelium

kidney (histology)

Kidney is composed of nephrons and a collecting system

ureter (histology)

transitional epithelium

renal cortex

outer region of the kidney