Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
heart
includes pericardium
aorta and pulmonary trunk
large diameter muscular thick walled vessels convey blood away from the heart; pulmonary trunk may be traced to the right ventricle and aorta to left ventricle
vena cavae and pulmonary veins
large diameter but thinner and less muscular vessels deliver blood to the heart: ant + post VC empty into the right atrium and and PV deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium
heart valves
flap like structures that open and close to assure one way movements of blood into through and out of the heart
coronary arteries
branch off the aorta and supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood to sustain heart contraction
trachea
tube leading to lungs
cardiac cycle: steps
P: SA node depolarizes atria
atrial systole
delay of signal at AV node
QRS: ventricles depolarize (atria repolarize)
T: ventricles repolarize and enter diastole
cardiac output
amount of blood that leaves the left ventricle into aorta and systemic circulation every minute
CO (mL/min) = Heart Rate (beats/min) * Stroke volume (mL/beat)
heart rate (def)
number of times blood is pumped out per minute
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out during each beat
SV = 1.7 (ml/mmHg) x (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure) (mmHg/beat)
total peripheral resistance
resistance to blood flow through systemic circulation
TPR = MAP (mmHg)/ CO (ml/min)
mean arterial pressure
1/3 (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure) + diastolic pressure [all in mmHg]
MAP = CO x TPR
tidal volume
volume of air that you breathe in and out during normal breathing
vital capacity
total volume of air that can expired after maximum inspiration
inspiratory/ expiratory reserve volume
diff between tidal exhale and max exhale/ inhale
residual volume
small volume of air in the lungs after maximum exhalation
lung ventilation (eq)
tidal volume x breathing rate
equations to find O2 consumed
o2 consumed = O2 inspired - O2 expired
O2 inspired - O2 expired = ventilation x (%O2 atmos - %O2 exp)
equations to find CO2 produced
co2 produced = Co2 expired - co2 inspired
Co2 expired - co2 inspired = ventilation x (%co2 exp - %co2 atmos)
heartrate (eqn)
60 × 1/RR where RR is the time between tallest peaks
lub dub
lub = av valves closing dub = semilunar valves closing
when does the atriventricular valve close
when ventricle pressure is greater than atrium pressure - therefore when the ventricles start to contract (QRS - S1 lub)
when does the semilunar valve close
when the pressure of the aorta is greater than the ventricle - therefore when the ventricle relax (T - S2 dub)