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音 (on-yomi)
On (音) readings are based on the original Chinese pronunciation of a kanji. They are typically used when a kanji appears as part of a jukugo (kanji compound).
For example, in 日本, 日 is read as に, one of the on readings.
On readings are typically written in katakana.
訓 (kun-yomi)
Kun (訓) readings are uniquely Japanese. They are typically used when a kanji is used singly as part of a Japanese conjugated verb.
For example, 行く is read as いく (to go). In this case, the く of 行く is known as 'okurigana'. In Kanshudo.
大
On - ダイ・タイ
Kun - おお(きい)・おおいに・おお-
mnemonic: the one (一) man (人) is big
Meaning big; large
学
On - ガク・ガッ
Kun - まな(ぶ)
mnemonic: the child (子) in the classroom (龸) learns
Meaning to study; learn
校
On - コウ
mnemonic: a mix (交) of trees (木) comes up in the exam
Meaning school
先
On - セン
Kun - さき
mnemonic: whereupon by the ground (⺧) the legs (儿) get ahead
Meaning ahead; previous
生
On - セイ・ショウ
Kun - なま・う(まれる)
Meaning life; to live
山
Kun - やま
On - サン・ザン
mnemonic: (looks like) the peaks of a mountain
Meaning mountain
川
Kun - かわ・がわ
On - セン
mnemonic: whereupon (ノ) the two sticks (丨) float down the river
Meaning river
田
Kun - た・だ
On - デン
Meaning rice paddy/field
人
Kun - ひと
On - ジン・ニン
Meaning person
上
Kun - うえ・かみ・あ(がる)
On - ジョウ・ショウ
Meaning on; up; above
中
On - チュウ・ジュウ
Kun - なか
mnemonic: The mouth (口) on the stick (丨) is in the middle
Meaning in; middle; center
下
On - カ・ゲ
Kun - した・くだ(さい)
Meaning under; below
小
On - ショウ
Kun - ちい(さい)、こ-、お-
Meaning small
日
On - ニチ・ジツ・ニ・カ
Kun - ひ・び
Meaning sun; day
本
On - ホン・ボン・ポン
Kun - もと
mnemonic: one (一) tree (木) is made into a book
Meaning root; book
今
On - コン・キン
Kun - いま
mnemonic: the assembly (亼) of fu (㇇) is now
Meaning now
私
On - シ
Kun - わたし・わたくし
mnemonic: the private (厶) grain (禾) belongs to I, myself
Meaning I; private
月
On - ガツ・ゲツ
Kun - つき
Meaning moon; month
火
On - カ
Kun - ひ・ほ-
mnemonic: the eight (丷) men (人) are on fire
Meaning fire
水
On - スイ
Kun - みず
Meaning water
木
On - モク・ボク
Kun - き
mnemonic: a big (大) stick (丨) is a tree
Meaning tree
金
On - キン・コン
Kun - かね
mnemonic: the man (𠆢) and the eight (丷) kings (王) have gold
Meaning gold; money; metal
土
On - ド・ト
Kun - つち
Meaning earth; soil; ground
曜
On - ヨウ
mnemonic: the little bird gives two yos (翟) as the sun (日) brings a day of the week
Meaning day of the week
何
On - カ
Kun - なに・なん
mnemonic: a good (可) man (亻) ... what's that?!
Meaning what
週
On - シュウ
mnemonic: the circumference (周) moves (⻌) for a week
Meaning week
末
On - マツ・バツ
Kun - すえ
Meaning end
休
On - キュウ
Kun - やす(む);やす(まる;める)
mnemonic: the man (亻) by the tree (木) rests
Meaning to rest; (to be rested; to suspend)
時
On - ジ
Kun - とき
mnemonic: the sun (日) in the temple (寺) marks time
Meaning time; hour
間
On - カン・ケン
Kun - あいだ
mnemonic: the sun (日) is under the gate (門) for an interval
Meaning interval; duration
友
On - ユウ
Kun - とも
mnemonic: you have ten (𠂇) and again (又) friends
Meaning friend
古
On - コ
Kun - ふる(い)
mnemonic: the ten (十) mouths (口) are old
Meaning old
分
On - フン・ブン・プン
Kun - わ(ける)・わ(かる)
mnemonic: the sword (刀) under the eight (ハ) divides them
Meaning to divide; to understand; minute; segment
安
On - アン
Kun - やす(い)
mnemonic: the woman (女) under the roof (宀) is peaceful
Meaning inexpensive; cheap
半
On - ハン
Kun - なか(ば)
mnemonic: the two (二) sticks (丨) split the eight (丷) in half
Meaning half
新
On - シン
Kun - あたら(しい)
mnemonic: you stand in the tree (亲) with the axe (斤) to make something new
Meaning new
毎
On - マイ
Kun - ごと
mnemonic: every man (𠂉) has a mother (毋)
Meaning every; each
年
On - ネン
Kun - とし
mnemonic: the man (𠂉) wheels around (ヰ) for a year
Meaning year
好
On - コウ
Kun - す(き)
mnemonic: women (女) and children (子) like (each other)
Meaning to like
方
On - ホウ
Kun - かた
Meaning direction; person (polite)
番
On - バン
Kun - つが(い)
mnemonic: the topped rice (釆) in the rice field (田) gets a turn
Meaning number; order; turn; (Kun- Pair)
語
On - ゴ
Kun - かた(る)
mnemonic: the words (言) of the five (五) mouths (口) = talking
Meaning language; word
高
On - コウ
Kun - たか(い)
mnemonic: the wide mouth (冋) and the mouth (口) under the lid (亠) are both expensive
Meaning high/tall; expensive
郎
On - ロウ
mnemonic: a good (良) group (⻏) includes a husband
Meaning husband
一
On - イチ イツ
Kun - ひと(つ)
Meaning one
二
On - ニ
Kun - ふた(つ)
Meaning two
三
On - サン
Kun - みっ(つ)
Meaning three
四
On - シ
Kun - よ・よん・よっ(つ)
Meaning four
五
On - ゴ
Kun - いっ(つ)
Meaning five
六
On - ロク・ロン
Kun - むっ(つ)
Meaning six
七
On - シチ
Kun - なな(つ)
Meaning seven
八
On - ハチ
Kun - やっ(つ)
Meaning eight
九
On - ク・キュウ
Kun - ここの(つ)
Meaning nine
十
On - ジュウ・ジュッ
Kun - とお
Meaning ten
百
On - ヒャク・ビヤク・ピヤク
Kun - もも
Meaning hundred
千
On - セン・ゼン
Meaning thousand
万
On - マン・バン
Meaning ten thousand
円
On - エン
Meaning yen (Japanese currency)
店
On - テン
Kun - みせ
mnemonic: occupying (占) under the stony cliff (广) is a shop
Meaning store; shop
行
On - コウ・ギョウ・アン
Kun - い(く)
mnemonic: you take a step (彳) around the one (一) block (丁) when you go
Meaning to go
来
On - ライ
Kun - く(る)
mnemonic: the eight (丷) have not yet (未) come
Meaning to come; coming
帰
On - キ
Kun - かえ(る)
mnemonic: you have a sword (刂) and a broom (帚) but you return them
Meaning to return; to go home
食
On - ショク・ジキ
Kun - た(べる)
mnemonic:
Meaning to eat
飲
On - イン
Kun - の(む)
mnemonic:
Meaning to drink
見
On - ケン
Kun - み(る)
mnemonic:
Meaning to look at; to watch
聞
On - ブン・モン
Kun - き(く)
mnemonic:
Meaning to listen
読
On - ドク・トク・トウ
Kun - よ(む)
mnemonic:
Meaning to read
書
On - ショ
Kun - か(く)
mnemonic:
Meaning to write; writing
話
On - ワ
Kun - はな(す)
mnemonic:
Meaning to talk; to speak; story
出
On - シュツ・スイ
Kun - で(る)・で(かける)・だ(す)
mnemonic:
Meaning go out
合
On - カイ
Kun - あ(う)
mnemonic:
Fit
買
On - バイ
Kun - か(う)
mnemonic:
Meaning to buy
起
On - キ
Kun - お(きる)
mnemonic:
Meaning to get up
寝
On - シン
Kun - ね(る)
mnemonic:
Meaning to go to bed; to lie down
作
On - サク
Kun - つ(くる)
mnemonic:
Meaning to make
入
On - ニュウ
Kun - はい(る)・い(れる)
mnemonic:
Meaning to enter
男
On - ダン・ナン
Kun - おとこ
mnemonic:
Meaning male; man
女
On - ジョ・ニョ・ニョウ
Kun - おんな
mnemonic:
Meaning female; woman
目
On - ボク・モク
Kun - め
mnemonic:
Meaning eye
口
On - コウ・ク
Kun - くち・ぐち
mnemonic:
Meaning mouth
耳
On - ジ
Kun -みみ
mnemonic:
Meaning ear
足
On - ソク
Kun - あし
mnemonic:
Meaning foot; leg
手
On - シュ
Kun -て
mnemonic:
Meaning hand
父
On - フ
Kun - ちち・とう
mnemonic:
Meaning father
母
On - ボ
Kun - はは・かあ
mnemonic:
Meaning mother
姉
On - シ
Kun - あね・ねえ
mnemonic:
Meaning older sister
兄
On - ケイ・キョウ
Kun - あに・にい
mnemonic:
Meaning older brother
妹
On - マイ
Kun - いもうと
mnemonic:
Meaning younger sister
弟
On - ダイ・テイ・デ
Kun - おとうと
mnemonic:
Meaning younger brother
家
On - カ・ケ
Kun - いえ・(うち)
mnemonic:
Meaning house
族
On - ゾク
mnemonic:
Meaning tribe
両
On - リョウ
Kun - もろ
mnemonic:
Meaning both
親
On - シン
Kun - おや
mnemonic:
Meaning parent
子
On - シ・ス
Kun - こ
mnemonic:
Meaning child
天
On - テン
mnemonic:
Meaning heaven
気
On - キ
mnemonic:
Meaning spirit; mind
雨
On - ウ
mnemonic:
Meaning rain
雪
On - セツ
Kun - ゆき
mnemonic:
Meaning snow