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beats
A throbbing variation in the loudness of sound caused by interference when two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together.
compression
In mechanics, the act of squeezing material and reducing its volume. In sound, a pulse of compressed air (or other matter); opposite of rarefaction
forced vibration
The vibration of an object that is made to vibrate by another vibrating object that is nearby. The sounding board in a musical instrument amplifies the sound through forced vibration.
infrasonic
Term applied to sound pitch too low to be heard by the human ear, that is, below 20 hertz.
natural frequency
A frequency at which an elastic object, once energized, will vibrate. Minimum energy is required to continue vibration at that frequency. Also called resonant frequency.
pitch
Term that refers to how high or low sound frequencies appear to be.
rarefaction
A disturbance in air (or matter) in which the pressure is lowered. Opposite of compression.
resonance
A phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of forced vibrations on an object matches the object’s natural frequency, and a dramatic increase in amplitude results.
ultrasonic
Term applied to sound frequencies above 20,000 hertz, the normal upper limit of human hearing.
Sound
A wave caused by alternating high and low pressure
Sonic boom
A pressure wave caused by an object going faster than sound.
Supersonic
Faster than the speed of sound.
Cochlea
The organ that detects sound waves.
dB
How we measure loudness
space
Where there is no sound because of its vacuum
Loudness
The amplitude or strength of a sound.
Speed of sound
340 m/s in dry air at 20 degrees Celsius
