Aerodrome Operations, Lighting, Markings & Safety

IHS

FLAT (0%) at 45m above elevation. Oval. Radius 4,000m.

Conical surface

5% slope from IHS edge. Extends to 145m.

Approach surface

2% slope. Inner width 300m. Diverges 15%.

Transitional surface

14.3% (1:7). Connects strip to IHS.

Take-off climb

2% slope. Inner 60m or runway+strips. Length 15,000m.

Inner approach

FLAT at threshold. Length 300m, width 60-120m.

OLS slopes

Approach 2%. Conical 5%. Transitional 14.3%. Take-off 2%. IHS flat.

Inner transition

From strip edge → 3,000m. 0 to 45m.

Outer transition

Beyond 3,000m → 15km. 45m to 150m.

OIS extent

15km radius. Upper limit 150m.

Obstacle colour

ORANGE or RED.

Emergency vehicles

RED or YELLOWISH GREEN.

Service vehicles

YELLOW.

Air bridges

STEADY RED at highest point.

Trailers

STEADY RED at highest point.

Closed runway

Large X – WHITE. At each end + max 300m.

Closed taxiway

Large X – YELLOW. At least each end.

Pre-threshold chevrons

Point TOWARD threshold.

ILS Critical Area

No vehicles

Critical Area marking

Pattern B holding position.

Sensitive area

Activated RVR ≤600m (CAT II) or ≤300m (CAT III).

LVP trigger CAT II

RVR <600m OR ceiling <300ft.

LVP trigger CAT III

RVR <300m OR ceiling <100ft.

LVP activator

Aerodrome CONTROLLER.

LVP activation

RVR reads below → MET → ATC declares → ATIS → Stop bars ON → Critical clear → Clearance → Vacate.

LVP restrictions

No crossings of active runway.

Runway incursion

Incorrect presence on protected area.

Incursion Category A

Collision NARROWLY AVOIDED.

Incursion Category B

Significant potential. Evasive action.

Incursion Category C

Ample time. Safety not compromised.

Incursion Category D

Little

Incursion Category E

Insufficient information.

A-SMGCS

Radar-based ground surveillance.

Manual of Operations

Comprehensive document – NAA approved.

AEP

Aircraft accidents, bomb threats, unlawful interference, HAZMAT.

Full-scale exercise

At least every 2 YEARS.

Partial exercise

Intervening year.

WHMP

Identify species, assess risk, define control measures.

Bird strike phases

Take-off rotation, approach

Philippines birds

Brahminy kite, Philippine duck, swiftlets.

Philippines wildlife

Monitor lizards on runway.

Passive deterrent

Grass 15-20cm, remove standing water, fencing.

Active deterrent

Pyrotechnics, distress audio, falconry, lasers, gas cannons.

FOD

Any object with potential to injure or damage.

Natural FOD

Stones, ice, vegetation, carcasses.

Construction FOD

Bolts, wire, rebar, gravel.

Operational FOD

Baggage tags, catering items, tools.

Aircraft FOD

Loose fasteners, panel fragments.

Weather FOD

Ice, snow, hail, windblown debris.

FOD visual

Daily before first flight and after weather.

FOD walk

Personnel line-abreast collecting debris.

FOD radar

TARSIER, XSight – detects >0.5cm.

TCP

Tools numbered and counted. Missing → halt operations.

Chapter 2

Pre-1977 turbojets. BANNED.

Chapter 3

1977-2006. B737 Classic, B747-200

Chapter 4

From 2006. B737NG, A320ceo, B777, A330.

Chapter 14

From 2017. B737 MAX, A320neo, A220, B787.

NADP 1

Close-In – protects under departure track.

NADP 2

Distant – protects communities further out.

RFF target

2 MINUTES.

RFF maximum

3 MINUTES.

RFF measured

Initial alarm to first vehicle applying foam at ≥50%.

RFF basis

LONGEST aircraft – fuselage length AND width.

Category 1

Category 2

9-12m, width 2m. Beechcraft 1900.

Category 3

12-18m, width 3m. ATR 42.

Category 4

18-24m, width 4m. ATR 72.

Category 5

24-28m, width 4m. B737-100

Category 6

28-39m, width 5m. B737-800, A320.

Category 7

39-49m, width 5m. B757-200.

Category 8

49-61m, width 7m. B767-300, A330-200.

Category 9

61-76m, width 7m. B777-200, B747-400.

Category 10

76m+, width 8m. A380-800, B747-8.

RFF vehicles Cat 1-2

1 minimum.

RFF vehicles Cat 3-5

2 minimum.

RFF vehicles Cat 6-7

3 minimum.

RFF vehicles Cat 8-10

3 + additional.

Reduced category

PEA

FOAM (AFFF).

AFFF Level A

≥6.5L

AFFF Level B

≥5.5L

PFAS

Traditional AFFF banned. Fluorine-free required.

Complementary

DCP, CO2, Halon (phased out).

Apron functions

Prevent collisions; regulate entry

Apron vs Ground

Separate frequency – coordinated.

LVO apron

Personnel and vehicles restricted to essential.

Pushback

Pilot requests → Tug coupled → Approved → Engines start → Tug disconnect → Crew confirms.

FATO

Area for final approach and take-off.

FATO size

1.5× largest helicopter length.

FATO clearance

3m sides and approach

TLOF

Loadbearing area – yellow circle.

Safety Area

Minimum 3m wide. No objects >25cm.

FATO lights

WHITE.

TLOF lights

YELLOW.

Heliport marking

White 'H' in yellow circle.

Heliport approach

GREEN.

Heliport obstacle

RED.

AIP three parts

GEN, ENR, AD.

AIP GEN

General – definitions, abbreviations.

AIP ENR

En-Route – airspace, ATS routes, navaids.