Germany 1890-1945

1870

Prussia wins Franco-Prussian war

1871

German unification

1888

Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser aged 29

1890

Social Democratic Party founded

1919

Treaty of Versailles signed

1919

Spartacists uprising

1920

Kapp Putsch

January 1923

Invasion of the Ruhr

1923-24

Hyper-inflation

1923

Munich Putsch

1923

Stresemann becomes Chancellor

1923-9

Stresemann is foreign secretary

1924

Hitler sentenced to prison for treason

1929

Wall Street Crash

March 1933

Enabling Act

28th February 1933

Reichstag Fire

August 1934

Hindenburg dies- Hitler declares himself Fuhrer

June 1934

Night of the Long Knives

1935

Nuremburg Laws published

1938

Night of the Broken Glass (Kristallnacht)

1939

Hitler invades Poland- Start of WW2

1941

Hitler invades USSR

1942

Wannsee Conference establishes the Final Solution

1945

Hitler commits suicide- end of WW2

Authoritarian

Complete rule: no one questions the ruler

One third

How many of the world's electrical goods was Germany producing by 1914?

Two times

How much more steel was Germany producing than Britain by 1914?

28 million

Increase in German population between 1871 and 1914

Half

Amount of German territory in Prussia

Two thirds

Amount of German population in Prussia

One fifth

Amount of German food imported by 1914

Autocracy

The opposite of democracy, meaning strong rule usually from one leader

Reform or repression

Options the German government had to deal with rising socialism

Reform

How the German government dealt with rising socialism

Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George

The "big three" making decisions for the Treaty of Versailles

£6.6 billion

Size of reparations

Diktat

A dictated peace

1926

Year Germany was let into the League of Nations

Article 231

Number of article that war guilt was

War guilt

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles that meant everything else was justified

100,000

Limit of the German army under the TOV

Geneva

Home of the League of Nations

26

How many articles were in the Covenant?

42

Number of countries in the League of Nations at the start

59

Number of League of Nations members by the 30s

10%

Amount of territory lost by Germany under the TOV

12.5%

Amount of population lost by Germany under the TOV

16%

Amount of coal fields lost by Germany under the TOV

Almost half

Amount of iron and steel industry lost by Germany under the TOV

April 1921

Date size of reparations were decided

France and Belgium

Who invaded the Ruhr?

1922

Year Germany couldn't pay the second installment of reparations

Over 100

Workers killed in the invasion of the Ruhr

100,000

Protesters expelled from the Ruhr

Communist Party

KPD

Social Democratic Party

SDP

Center Party

ZP

National German Workers' Party (the Nazis)

NSDAP

People's Party

DVP

Nationalists

DNVP

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

Leaders of the Spartacists Uprising

Dr Wolfgang Kapp

Leader of Kapp Putsch

Adolf Hitler and General Ludendorff

Leaders of Munich Putsch

October 1929

Year Stesemann died

Rentenmark

New German currency

The Dawes Plan

Reparations were to be paid over a longer period of time, USA provided 800 million marks in loans

The Young Plan

Reduced Germany's reparation payments to £2.2 billion, country given longer to pay

136

How many more seats did the moderate parties have than the extremist parties in 1928?

Less than 3%

Amount of seats the Nazis got in 1928

1928

Year pre-war production levels were reached

6%

Unemployed population in 1928

The Bauhaus Movement

Dancing on a volcano

The phrase Stresemann used for the state of the German economy during his time as Chancellor

196

Seats Hitler got in 1932

107

Seats Hitler got in 1930

Joseph Goebbels

In charge of Nazi propaganda

Brownshirts

The SA

Negative cohesion

People supported Hitler not because they shared his ideas, but because they were afraid of the same things as him

Bruning (with an umlaut u), von Papen and von Schleicher

Chancellors that failed before Hitler

30th January 1933

Hitler was appointed Chancellor

Circumstances

Most important reason Hitler became chancellor

40%

Amount German income fell by between 1929 and 1932

2

Amount of Nazis in the cabinet in 1933

Marias van der Lubbe

The Dutch communist blamed for the Reichstag fire

February 1933

Concentration camps set up

March 1933

Election in Germany with Hitler as chancellor

April 1933

Jews and political opponents removed from posts of civil service

May 1933

Communist party banned

May 1933

Trade unions banned

June 1933

SDP banned

July 1933

Law against formation of parties

July 1933

Catholic Party closed itself down

4000

Communists arrested after the Reichstag Fire

Ernst Roehm

Leader of the SA

At least 2 and a half million

Members of the SA by 1934

Bad Wiesse

Place Hitler told Roehm to meet at on the Night of the Long Knives

400

Victims of the Night of the Long Knives

77

Official victims of the Night of the Long Knives on record

Autarky

Self-sufficiency

Rearmament

The rebuilding of weapons