WBC path

two ways to classificy white blood cells neoplastic

• based on origin of tumor cells

• based on location

ways to classify neoplastic proliferations of white cells: based on origin

• pluripotent stem cell

  • myeloid stem cell/neoplasms: cells stay in blood

    • granulocytes/moncytes

    • platelet

    • erythocyte

  • Lymphoid stem cell/neoplasms: migrate to lymph nodes (blood and lymph nodes)

    • B cells

    • T cells

ways to calssificy neoplastic prolif: location

• Luekemia

  • starts in bone marrow and blood (myeloid or lymphoid neoplasm)

  • spread to other places such as lymph nodes

• Lymphoma

  • starts in lymph nodes (usually lymphocytes)

  • can spread ot other places including blood and bone marrow

Types of leukemias depend o

• cell lineage

  • myeloid or lymphoid

• rate of development →acute or chronic

acute leukemia

• most immature cells or blasts

  • mutations that stop differentiations

  • promote uncontrolled proliferation

chronic leukemia

• cells that are more mature (but not fully)

• stop differenttiaons

• promote uncontrolled proliferation

leukemias: symtpoms etc

• starts in bone marrow usually

• symp

  • anemia (low RBC)

  • thrombocytopenia (low platelets0

  • neutropenia

  • bone pain (increase pressure in bone marrow, leukemia cells take up too much space in marrow)

• lymphoid leukemia symptoms also include

  • lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes)

more severe symptoms in acute or chronic

acute

90%

• children

• adults

• adults

• adults: philadelphia chromosome

which has a genetic component?

chronic myeloid (philly chromosome)

• piece of chromosome 9 and 22 break off and trade places

• forms bcr-abl gene on 22

• tyrosine kinase produced involved in cell transformation

lymphomas: start and symp and kind?

• lymph node

• lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes)

• Hodgkin and non-Hodkin

Hodgkin lymphoma

• neoplastic proliferation of atypical lymphoid cell: reed, originates from germinal center B cell

• reed sternberg cell

  • large cells

  • abundant pale cytoplasm

  • bicnucleate (owels eye)

  • releease many cytokines and chemokines

    • surrounding reactive inflammatory cells (most cells in tumor)

• neoplastic proliferation of

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

• neoplastic proliferation of B cells, T cells, or rarely histiocytic cells (macrophages and dendritic)