Renal/Fitness Lab quiz

Layers of kidney

cortex and medulla

Nephron

functional unit of kidney

ICF vs ECF

• ICF 67%

• ECF 33%

  • IF 80%

  • plasma 205

How does the kidney maintain homeostasis

• excretion of waste

• regulation of normal blood values (ionic composition/osmolarity, pH, volume, pressure)

• production of calcitriol and erythropoietin

basic process of nephron

• glomerular filtration

• tubular reabsorption

• tubular secretion

Where does most reabsorption occur

in the proximal convoluted tubules

Excretion equation

excretion = (filtration + secretion) - reabsorption

roles of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

• increases permeability of collecting duct

• increase water reabsorption at kidneys

aldosterone function

• inc. Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion

• inc. water absorption due to Na+

Quiet inspiration

• decrease by 3 mmHg

• diaphragm (move down) and external intercostals (contract)

Forced inspiration

• decrease 20 mmHg

• sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor (contract)

Quiet Expiration

• increase by 3 mmHg

• external intercostals and diaphragm (relax)

Forced expiration

• increase by 30 mmHg

• abdominal muscles and internal intercostals (contract)

Spirometer

measures amount of air breathed in

• lung elasticity, airway resistance, and muscle strength

Tidal volume

air inhaled/exhaled during normal/quiet breath

inspiratory vs expiratory reserve volume

• inspiratory: max volume of air inhaled after normal inhale

• expiratory: max volume exhaled normally

Residual volume

vol. of air in lungs after max expiration

Vital capacity

max vol. exhaled after max inspiration

• inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

inspiratory capacity

Inspiratory respiratory reserve + tidal volume

• max air inhaled after normal exhale

functional residual capacity

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

• volume of air in lungs at end of normal exhale

Total lung capacity

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Path of filtration

1. glomeruli

2. proximal convoluted tubule

3. Loop of Henle

4. distal convoluted tubule

5. collecting duct