Hematology Basics: Blood Tests

These flashcards cover key concepts from blood tests, hematology basics, and the functions of different blood components.

What does reticulocyte count measure in the bloodstream?

It measures the percentage of immature red blood cells (RBCs) in relation to mature RBCs.

What does a low reticulocyte count indicate?

It can indicate renal or bone marrow disease, alcoholism, or folic acid deficiency.

What role does folic acid (vitamin B9) play in the body?

Folic acid is essential for cell growth, development, and prevention of anemia.

What protein is found in RBCs and is responsible for oxygen transport?

Hemoglobin.

What are the normal hemoglobin levels for adult females and males?

Females: 12-16 g/dL; Males: 14-18 g/dL.

How is hematocrit measured?

By spinning blood in a centrifuge to separate substances for about 15 minutes.

What is the normal hematocrit range for males and females?

40-50% in males and 35-45% in females.

What do RBC indices measure?

They measure the size, shape, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells.

What does MCV stand for and what does it measure?

Mean Corpuscular Volume; it measures the average size of RBCs.

What does an elevated level of WBCs potentially indicate?

It can indicate leukemia, a cancer affecting blood and bone marrow.

What can decreased WBC levels indicate?

They can indicate a viral infection or autoimmune deficiency.

What does MCHC measure in blood?

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration; it measures the amount of hemoglobin relative to the size of the cell.

What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?

A blood test that measures the rate at which RBCs settle at the bottom of a vertical tube over one hour.

Why is ESR important in evaluating blood conditions?

It relates to the condition of RBCs and the amount of fibrinogen in the plasma.

What five types of white blood cells (WBCs) are produced in bone marrow?

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes.