Human Biology: Reproductive Systems and Functions chapter 17

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems, hormonal regulation of reproduction, and contraception methods based on the lecture notes.

What primarily determines whether a fertilized egg will develop as male or female?

The presence of XX or XY sex chromosomes.

What is the role of the SRY gene in sexual differentiation?

It triggers the development of testes in male embryos.

What hormone is primarily responsible for male reproductive system development?

Testosterone.

What are the two main functions of testes and ovaries?

Testes produce sperm and testosterone; ovaries produce eggs, estrogen, and progesterone.

How does sperm travel through the reproductive system?

Sperm is moved through the reproductive tract via peristalsis.

What is a unique structure of sperm and its function?

The tail, which acts like a propeller for movement.

What leads to the production of sperm in the testis?

The release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, stimulating the pituitary to release LH and FSH.

Where are sperm stored until ejaculation?

In the epididymis.

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

It degrades, causing a drop in estrogen and progesterone levels.

What hormone initiates ovulation?

A spike in LH (luteinizing hormone).

What is endometriosis?

A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus.

What is the role of contraceptives in preventing pregnancy?

They can block fertilization and/or implantation.

What changes occur in hormone levels after menopause?

Levels of GnRH, FSH, and LH typically increase due to decreased estrogen production.

What does the acrosome of a sperm contain?

Digestive enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg's protective layers.

What generally happens during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

FSH causes follicle development, leading to estrogen release.