Basic Foods 1 - Midterm Reviewer (Sugars, Frozen Desserts, Milk and Milk Products and Fruits and Vegetables)

Plants or parts of plants that are served with meals as viands or salads

Vegetables

Some examples of the parts of plants are?

roots, leaves, bulbs, stems, shoots, fruits and flowers

Fleshy and juice products of plants

Fruits

Fruits are usually eaten as an _________ or _______.

appetizer or dessert

Like certain vegetables, fruits can also be?

edible without cooking

A minimum of ____ of fruits and vegetables is needed for prevention of chronic diseases per day

400g

What is the mean per capita of vegetables per day?

100g

What is the mean per capita of fruits per day?

54g

underground part of the plants

Roots

What are some examples of roots?

sweet potato, carrot, taro, radish, beets, yam and ube

short, thickened, fleshy parts of an underground stem

Tubers

What are some examples of tubers?

potatoes and jerusalem artichokes

underground buds that send down roots and are made up of short stem covered with layers

Bulbs

What are some examples of bulbs?

chives, garlic, leeks, onions and shallots

parts from which a new plant will grow referred to as pulses or legumes

Seeds

Seeds are also referred to as?

Pulses or Legumes

What are examples of seeds?

mung beans, broad beans, chick peas, lentils, soy beans and lima beans

stalks that support the leaves, flowers or fruits

Stems and Shoots

What are examples of stems and shoots?

Celery, bamboo shoots, horseradish and rhubarb

leafy parts of plants

Leaves

What are some examples of leaves?

alugbati, bitter melon, spinach, cabbage, lettuce and coriander leaves

are the seed-containing parts that develop from the plant’s flowers

Fruits

What are some examples of fruits (classification of vegetables)?

sayote, cucumber, eggplant, squash, tomatoes, cayenne and chili pepper

involved in the plant's reproductive process

Flowers

What are examples of flowers (classification of vegetables)?

cauliflower, squash flower and sesban flower

These vegetables are carbohydrate rich..

Seeds, roots and tubers

These vegetables are protein rich…

Seeds (Legumes and Pulses)

These vegetables are fat rich…

Nuts, olives and avocado

These vegetables are fiber rich..

Green leafy vegetables

These vegetables have a high moisture content..

Mushrooms, tomatoes, celery, cauliflower, radish, cabbage

the juiciness of the vegetables due to its high moisture content

Succulent

form gaseous compounds like hydrogen sulfide when digested

Gas-forming vegetables

These vegetables are gas-forming..

onions, cabbage, beans, cherries, apples, brussel sprouts and cherries

Various types of fruits exist because the ovaries and seeds of different flowers _______ in different ways

develop

a fruit that develops from a single flower, but the flower has more than one ovary which join together as the fruit grows.

Aggregate Fruit

What is another term for “aggregate fruit”?

Etaerio

What are some examples of aggregate fruit?

strawberry, blackberry, raspberry, dewberry, custard apple and jackfruit

fruit that grows from a single ovary and may contain one or more seeds

Berry

What are some examples of berries?

grapes, currant, gooseberry and bearberry

a fleshy fruit with thin skin and a central stone containing the seed

Drupe

an outer fleshy part surrounds a single _____, _____ or hardened ________ with a seed

shell, stone or endocarp

What are some examples of drupes?

peach, plum, apricot, prune and cherry

many seeded fruits that result from the fusion of an ovary and a receptacle; develop from parts of the flower other than the ovary.

False berry

What are some examples of false berries?

banana, guava, watermelon and pumpkin

develop from a compound ovary into a many, multi sectioned fruit enclosed in a tough, oily skin.

Hesperidium

What are some examples of hesperidiums?

oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruits

ovaries and receptacles from multiple flowers on a common base develop into these fruits.

Multiple fruit

What are some examples of multiple fruits?

pineapple, figs and mulberry

produce ethylene which causes high respiration rate during ripening

Climacteric fruits

What are some examples of climacteric fruits?

apples, avocados, bananas and peaches

produce little or no ethylene.

Non-climacteric fruits

What are some examples of climacteric fruits?

Oranges, strawberries, grapes and lemons

Vegetables may be sources of?

protein, vitamins or minerals

Vegetables are usually sought after for which vitamins?

A,B, C, E and K

The basic nutritional composition of foods, breaking them down into key components like moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and vitamins.

Proximate analysis

Fruits generally have ____ moisture content

high

What is the range of moisture content in fruits?

65% - 94%

What is the range of moisture content in vegetables?

6% - 95%

Vegetables ____ in composition and nutritive value depending on the part of plant used.

vary

Fruits are valuable for their _____ and _____

sugars and fibers

Fruits also contain numerous essential nutrients like _____ and ______

vitamins and minerals

Fruits aid in _______ and absorption in our small intestine

digestion

Foods rich in protein, minerals and vitamins

Regulatory foods

Vegetables provide fiber, vitamins, minerals and __________

phytonutrients

Vegetables are plentiful in ______ and relatively low in calories

water

plentiful in yellow fruit and green leafy vegetables

Vitamin A

What are some examples of vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables?

Papaya, squash, spinach and malunggay

found in high concentrations in citrus, succulent fruits and certain vegetables

Vitamin C

What are some examples of vitamin C rich fruits and vegetables?

mango, cherry, peach, guavas, tomatoes, bell peppers, cabbage, leafy vegetables

What is the daily vitamin c requirement for adults?

70 - 75 miligrams

a potent antioxidant and helps our body cells stay healthy; found in nuts and spinach

Vitamin E

is helpful to our body as well as impactful on blood clotting and our bone’s health.

Vitamin K

Where can Vitamin K be found?

broccoli and dark green, leafy vegetables

rich in beans and leafy greens

Vitamin B

Dark green leafy vegetables are food sources of ______

niacin

What are significant sources of thiamin and folic acid?

citrus fruits and juices

Fruits and vegetables are rich in complex __________ consisting of polysaccharides

carbohydrates

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose

The two types of dietary fiber are?

soluble and insoluble

This type of fiber that dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance

Soluble

This type of fiber that does not dissolve in water and contains cellulose from other sources

Insoluble

______ ____ helps regulate blood sugar and reduce cholesterol levels

Soluble fiber

_______ _____ helps bulk stool and promotes bowel regularity

Insoluble fiber

What are some examples of foods containing soluble fiber?

Oats, apples and citrus fruits

What are some examples of foods containing insoluble fiber?

Whole grains and vegetables

beneficial compounds in fruits and vegetables that help prevent diseases; protect the body by neutralizing harmful molecules

Antioxidants

What are some examples of high-antioxidant foods?

Small red beans, wild blueberries, red kidney beans, pinto beans, cranberries, blackberries, pecans and prunes

The texture and quality of fruits and vegetables depends on the _______ __ ______ _____

structure of their cells

Thin-walled and filled with air spaces, making them soft; found in juicy and tender parts of fruits.

Parenchyma cells

tube-like structures that transport water and nutrients, made of xylem and phloem ; these are stronger and tougher

Conducting cells

Long, thick-walled cells that provide strength to fruits and vegetables.

Supporting cells

Thick outer cells that form the skin or peel of fruits and vegetables, often hard and waxy.

Protective cells

Intercellular substances, particularly pectic material, ___ plant cells together.

bind

occurs as the pectin undergoes changes leading to the loosening of the cell walls.

Softening

As ripening continues, there’s a decrease in the pectin's insoluble form, which leads to a ______ of cell walls, decreasing the firmness of the tissue

separation

refers to the firmness of plant cells and is primarily due to water absorption in the vacuole

Turgidity

affects the texture of fruits and vegetables

Cell turgidity

A loss of _____ leads to a reduction in volume and firmness

turgor

encompasses taste, aroma, texture, color, and sound.

Flavor

Compounds then that may contribute to flavor in fruits and vegetables are?

Sugars, acids, sulfur compounds, tannins and phenolic compounds