[ 1FINAL ] Philosophy Review Tests

Nirvana

In Buddhism, this refers to the state of liberation and freedom from suffering.

8-Fold Path

The middle way or narrow path refers to the ____

Reincarnation

All of these are Buddhist beliefs that are in congruent with Christian beliefs, EXCEPT ____

Morality
Prayer
Selfish desire is the root cause of all evil.
Compassion
Reincarnation

Second

Attachment or inclination to something/someone is the main cause of suffering/pain. What Noble Truth does it refer to?

Kama

A Hindu teaching that refers to pleasure is called ______

Moksha

It is a Hindu belief that refers to the ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Indian

Buddhism is a/an   ____________ Philosophy.

Zoroastrianism

Among the Eastern Philosophies, this one mostly believes to ONE God and they practice 5 times prayer---

Truth of Suffering

The first Noble Truth refers to _________ .

Upanishads

According to __________ , Atman and Brahman are part of the same substance; Atman returns to Brahman when the Atman is finally liberated and is no longer reincarnated.

Moksha

This return, or reabsorption into Brahman, is called ________ . When they merge at last into pure Being.

Eternal, Karma

Hindus generally believe that the soul is _______ but is bound by the Law of _______ to the world of matter.

Spirit

In Hinduism, the Humanity’s basic goal in life is the liberation (moksha) of ______ .

Plato

This philosopher believed that soul existed prior to the body and even though the body is gone.

St. Thomas Aquinas

Body and soul are NOT two separate entities, that interact with each other but are one being made up of matter and form

Rene Descartes

 "He that exists is clearly a thing that thinks."  This statement is uttered by ____

Aristotle

"The relation of body to the soul is the relation of body to form. The body and soul are two aspects of the whole man."  These statements are uttered by _______

St. Augustine of Hippo

A religious philosopher who claims that the body is espoused to the soul; he believes that the soul is what governs and defines a man.     

John Locke

Consciousness is the criterion for personal identity.  This statement is uttered by _______ .

Karl Jaspers

A  German philosopher who coined the  boundary situation or "Grenzsituation" which refers to extreme or exceptional circumstances that push an individual to confront the limits of human existence, such as death, suffering, guilt, or existential crises.

True

(True / False) There is suffering because of inclination or attachment.

Karma

(True / False) Hindus believe that the soul is eternal and is bound to the law of moksha.

True

(True / False) Eastern religions have a core belief of Karma and Dharma.

Only Hindus

(True / False) Hindus and Buddhists observe the caste system

True

(True / False) Reincarnation and Karma are NOT seen in Christianity.

Reincarnation

(True / False) Atman (soul) assumes a physical body through resurrection.

The Enlightened One

(True / False) Buddha means “a fortunate one.”

Shiva

(True / False) Lord Vishnu is a Hindu god known as destroyer.

True

(True / False) Religion is influenced by geography.

Moksha

(True / False) Samsara marks the end of the cycle of rebirth.

True

(True / False) Religion has determined political or administrative boundaries.

True

(True / False) Knowledge of God begins with faith and is made perfect by understanding.

True

(True / False) Wisdom is substantially existent as the Divine Logos, hence, philosophy is the love of God.

True

(True / False) Both Buddhists and Christians believe that salvation is available to all.

Theravada

(True / False) Mahayana Buddhism includes countries such as Thailand and Cambodia.

David Hume

talks about how the self is just an illusion. "There is no self."

Paul Churchland

• Self is inseparable from the brain

• The brain is all that a person has, therefore if it is lost, the person is no longer there.

Immanuel Kant

• Our minds actively sort, organize, relate, and synthesize the fragmented, fluctuating collection of sense data that our sense organs take in. 

• The unity of consciousness is a phrase invented by him to describe the fact that the thoughts and perceptions of any given mind are bound together in a unity by being all contained in one consciousness—my consciousness. "We construct the self."

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

• All self-knowledge is derived from the "phenomena" of experience.

• The "I" is a composite of mental, physical, and emotional components.

• Individuals will realize that the mind and body are one.

• Consciousness is a dynamic form that actively structures conscious thoughts and actions. "The self is embodied subjectivity."

Gilbert Ryle

According to British philosopher ,the self is best defined as a pattern of behavior, or as a person's tendency or disposition to behave in a particular way under specific conditions. His concept of the human self thus provides the philosophical principle, “I act therefore I am.”