Ch 10-- Social Interactions

socialization

process of internalizing the norms and values expected by one’s society

social sanctions

How certain patterns of emotional expression are related to gender

verbal communication

literal words via speaking, texting, signing, writing, and other mediums

nonverbal communication

tone of voice, body language, eye contact, etc

self presentation

how we see our authentic self and how we think it will be advantageous to appear in a situation

Self-disclosure

what you disclose to others about yourself

Managing appearances

how you groom yourself, how you dress, and how you act

Integration

sucking up

aligning actions

presenting actions that could be deemed questionable in a light that makes them more appealing/reasonable

Altercasting

projecting an identity onto someone and then creating the expectation that he or she should act the way you want

What did Erving Goffman make

dramaturgical approach (front stage and back stage)

front stage self

how we present ourselves in front of others: following expectations

back stage self

more authentic self that relaxes to acting how they want not how they should

what are the social behaviors

attraction, aggression, attachment, altruism, social support

What is attraction

wanting to be around someone (romantically and platonically)

Factors of attraction

proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity

proximity

the more you interact with someone, the more likely you’ll be attracted

mere-exposure effect

developing preferences for familiar people and things

similarity

likely to be attracted to people who are similar to us: demographic factors, cultural and world views, education and age

aggression

shaped by biological factors, and used to defend against threats and get greater access to things

attachment

bonds created with others

secure attachment

caregiver consistently answers infant responsively

ambivalent attachment

caregiver responds inconsistently

avoidant attachment

child doesn’t care if caregiver comes or goes

disoriented attachment (disorganized attachment)

hesitant, contradictory and confused behavior when caregiver comes and goes. (early warning of abuse)

altruism

helping other people at some cost to yourself

social support types

emotional support, informational support, material support, companionship

fisherian selection

preference for physical traits or behaviors that have no use besides attracting mates (peacock feathers)

Demographic identity

race, ethnicity, and nationality

gender identity

contains both sex and gender categories

sex

refers to only biological category

sexual orientation

describes attraction to sexual partners

Identity formation

mediated by social factors

George Herbert mead

invented internalization

Internalization

we build conceptions of ourselves by what is reflected back at us about our behavior from others, and integrating it into our perception of ourself

Role playing/taking

putting oneself in the role of others

self concept

perception of ourselves

impression management

how we seek to control how others see us

Locus of control

whether a person thinks their actions and qualities dictate outcomes (internal) or whether their circumstances do (external)

self-efficacy

degree to which people perceive themselves as having control over their situation and behavior

looking glass self

we build conceptions of ourselves based on what other people reflect on us