Dual Credit Unit 4 Vocabulary

19th Amendment

• When President Woodrow established his significant support for the Women's Suffrage Amendment, With this push, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, all women were able to vote 

•   Granted the rights for women to vote  

Andrew Carnegie

• The man specializing in US Steel Industry growth and production was one of the “Captains of Industry”/ “Men of Industry” during the New Industrial Era, known as the Gilded Age.

Atlanta Compromise

• This was a speech by Booker T Washington, and he stated his argument that blacks and whites should come together and agree to care for each other ( benefit each other ).

Booker T Washington

• He was an African American leader and educator who advocated for more education for black people and communities.

• Founded Tuskegee Institute 1881

• Self-determination through manual labor 

• Atlanta Compromise of 1895 

• Accused of being “accommodation”

• Fighting for civil rights

Buffalo Soliders

• These buffalo soldiers were African American soldiers who made sure that they protected their land and cattle from Native Americans on the western lands.

Carry A Nation

• She was an activist dealing with the issue of temperance (alcohol). She believed that alcohol was the primary source of many problems in the United States political and economic issues; with this effort, she was able to raise voices and lead to the ban of alcohol in the US.

Chinese Exclusion Act

• This was a law banning Chinese immigrants from coming into the United States this was because many people in the US were saying that the Chinese were taking control of “their” jobs.

• Limited what jobs they could do.

Civil service reform

• This reform ensured that people who worked in the political field or any field were qualified and trusted to stop the big corruption in the workforce.

• This was highly known as the corruption in the government was growing very fast

• The Pendleton Act was something that reflected the civil service reform

Comstock Lode

• Main Idea - Largest strike ( NV ) 

• This was the most significant discovery ever, as they found the most extensive silver while mining. This changed the mining industry; it created a big BOOM in the state of NV and mining. 

Cross if Gold

• This was a speech given by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National Convention, and its primary purpose was to have free coinage of silver, which was an issue for farmers. This was used to show the problems between agrarian and major manufacturing industries. 

• Populist movement for political, social, and economic change

Dawes Act

• This act was placed on the Native Americans to help them. Still, it fired back and hurt them instead because it took over control of land and their tribes (the US took over the Native Americans ), leading to difficulty in keeping independence for the natives.

De Lome letter

• This was an important letter ( private ) written by the great Spanish leader Enrique Dupuy de Lome; he wanted to attack the president of the United States, William McKinley, who was a very weak leader. Eventually, the letter was leaked, and it fired up the Americans and caused the Spanish-American War.

Ellis Island

• This was known for the immigration station in New York it was kinda like a checkpoint for the immigrants who arrived in the US to find the opportunities they were seeking. This island was necessary for the immigrants because it was their place of hope and security.

• Example: The Europeans trying to escape poverty ( economic disruption and persecution ) 

Eugene C Debs

• Main Idea - Rise of socialism 

• An American Labour leader who fought for better working conditions in Industry forces was the presidential candidate for the “Socialist Party” five times. 

• WORKING RIGHTS AND CONDITIONS

Exodusters

• Main Idea - Farmers leaving the South 

• These people are African Americans who moved from the South to the state of Kansas because they wanted to pursue freedom from racial discrimination ( HAVE OWNERSHIP OF THEIR LAND ) 

• South -> Moved to WEST

Gilded Age

• The Gilded Age was a period in the 1870s - 1900 it was known for the significant changes in …

• Industry: The manufacturing boom of many new jobs coming in as factors and the economic issues that came with significant industries 

• Social: Many issues within the social rank of people between the middle class and the wealthy ( labor rights, immigration and government policies)

• Political: New Government policies that shaped the US later ( immigration, political corruption, job force regulations)

Gospel of Wealth

• This was a philosophy by Andrew Carnegie, and the primary purpose of it was to tell the wealthy the use their money as a great source of society. This was because the industrial era was enhancing and growing, and Carnegie wanted to ensure that the wealthy supported the good causes that were happening. 

• THE GREATER GOOD = Wealthy people

Haymarket

• This was a very violent riot that had to do with a peaceful rally advocating for labor rights. and then a big bomb explosion was centered, and with the mix of police gunfire, it was a collusion with no control. This event became important because it dealt with the issue of labor rights and portrayed the issue of labor rights so that every worker could have better treatment.

Homestead Act

• This act passed and allowed land ( 160 acres ) to be given to settlers but for a small fee. This act played a role in encouraging more Western immigration and settlement that could change the country in expansion.

Horatio Alger

• This author was known for the best stories and for advocating for the central theme that hard work and dedication can lead to success, known as the “American Dream.”

Ida B Wells

She was an American journalist and a civil rights activist. Her main role was in the civil rights movement, documenting every move made and exposing the violence to Black people, making sure to make this movement worldwide.

Jane Adams

• She was the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace prize 

• She advocated for women and children and advocated for social justice and peace.

• She founded the Hull House, which was used to help women to work. This helped advocate for workplace legislation rules that dealt with the number of hours worked in a week

Jim Crow

• Self-determination vs discrimination 

• Enforced state and local laws that were dealing with segregation, what black people couldn’t have that southerners did have VOTING

• Laws - 

• Businesses segregated 

• Voting rights restricted 

• Poll taxes

• Grandfather clause 

• Literacy test ( a method used for black people a reading test to vote )

Jingosim

• Main Idea - Ultrapatriotism 

• Thenationalistm ( pride ) people were proud and strongly supportive of their country and wanted to use their military force to create peaceful solutions “for the better good.”

John Muir

• He was a Scottish-American author ( NATURE PERSON ) his role was significant in the conservation movement. Because of his passion for environmental change, they established national parks, including Yosemite National Park. 

• His writing was to advocate for environmental laws and change.

Laissez Faire

Main Idea - Hands of business, no restrictions, let the business decide on what is best for them as a company and as a community workforce, so the government should have little control/say in what a company does economically.

Little Bighorn

• This was a battle between the US Army and the Native American tribes, and the importance of this battle was the resistance of the Native people against the US's primary goal of WESTERN EXPANSION.

• Central Idea: Who gets the ownership of the land?

Maine

…….

Morrill Act

• This was a very important act for the legislation that gave federal land for each state to create land for colleges based on agriculture, which helped with education during the Civil War.

• High education was available and created a boom in economic development.

Nativism

• It is the political/social ideology belief that native-born people should be more favored than other immigrants ( status ). Because of this ideology, it lead to differences in hostility between immigrants.

New South

This was the idea of changing the Southern US after the Civil War because it was going to change from farming and slavery to a whole new industry and business economy BOOM!! This would help Southern leaders to grow and change the South into an economic investment.

Niagara Movement

• This civil rights movement was used to advocate for and uphold African American rights. Black leaders like W.E.B. created this group to fight against discrimination and demand sudden civil rights for African Americans.

• First time meeting at Niagra Falls

Omaha Platform

• This was a plan that the Populist Party created, and their goal was to help farmers and many workers during the Gilded Age time period to have easier, fairer taxes, direct representers for their group, and a big government has to have control over big industries.

• BASICALLY: rights to protect the common people to fight against powerful industries.

Open Door

• This was a policy that Secretary of State John Hay created, and this was enforced because they wanted equal trade rights with all countries, including China. This resulted in imperialism because the West wanted to expand its influence to Asia.

• America has access to Chinese trade and controlling European control over China’s trade.

Pendleton Act

• This was a necessary act because it aimed against federal employment to make sure that federal workers were chosen according to the exams in place that way, corruption was controlled in federal government offices. [ YOU HAVE TO EARN THE JOB ]

• Drifting away from the idea of a spoil system.

Plessy v Ferguson IMPORTANT

• A Supreme Court Case that segregation was legal ( having blacks and whites separated) and that as long they were separated but equal, it was okay led to separate schools, busses, and trains.

• IMPORTANT - Separate but Equal  

• Homer Plessy challenged the 1890 law segregating New Orleans railways cars

Populism

• This was a political term to represent the ordinary people, and this movement was used to represent farmers and low-labor workers who fought for justice in economic and political issues that impacted them greatly.

• FIGHT FOR FARMERS, FIGHT FOR ECONOMIC FAIRNESS

Roosevelt Corollary

• This was a continuation of the Monroe Doctrine, which was used to protect the rights of the US to negotiate with Latin America because Roosevelt stated that European control of the Western Hemisphere was over.

• The US has the right to step in with Latin America to control stability

Sand Creek

• This was a Massacre that was a very serious battle in the state of Colorado this event was important because it was the conflict with the Western expansion movement and the process of moving Native Americans out of their land for American settlement.

• The fight between Western Expansion and Native American land 

Sandlot Incident

• There was antisemitism against the Chinese protest because many people, including the Irish, were frustrated with why their jobs competed with Chinese immigrants. This brought tensions to the Chinese communities and later also influenced the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Sharecroppers

• This is where people ( farmers ) work on their land owners' land for exchange; they give them crops for “payment.”

• This had a negative impact: the sharecroppers usually owned money, and that impacted slaves on their land -> CIVIL WAR

Soical Darwinism

• “ Survival of the fittest in the context of economic well-being 

• It is where Individuals or businesses emphasize the achievements and where they fit better in that situation.

• It mainly contributed to the idea of political ideologies for the nation

Soil South

This slogan represented a period when the Southern states were all voting for the Democratic Party in the final election. This was because they advocated for a radical change instead of what the Northerners thought but later fell because of civil rights movements and corruption.

Tammany Hall

This large, powerful group in New York City was contributing to the Democratic Party. It was a political group that wanted to support immigrants in social services. It played a critical role in immigration and urbanization

The Jungle

• This was a historical novel, and it spread the news about the very unfair treatment immigrants in Chicago faced.

• It included dangerous environments and safety protocols that were not safe for anyone.

• Created by Upton Sinclair

PROBLEM FOOD

Triangle Shritwaist Company

• This was a business where it was shown that women were locked in the factory because the managers wanted to make sure they didn’t escape work one day. Someone was smoking and didn’t let out the smoke and caught on fire, and no one was able to escape because they were locked in, killing 150 female workers.

• Result: Factory reforms using the progressive era

Tuskegee

• This city in Alabama was known for the well-known University created by Booker T Washington. It played a crucial role in black community education with the help and leadership of Booker T Washington. 

Waving the bloody shirt

• This was used before the Civil War and as a slogan for the Republican group arguing to the Southern Democrats for creating to start the Civil War. It was a slogan of power that trust could be built from the Northerns and not trusted by the Southern Democrats.

WCTU

• This movement advocated for stopping alcohol; basically, like the temperance movement, it played an essential role in women's suffrage and rights.

• A Women-led organization called Women Christian Temperance Union

WEB DuBois

• A sociologist who had a PhD from Harvard University and was a( very intellectual man )  

• Leadership by “Talented Tenth” - having education for African Americans 

• Founder of the NAACP - which restored African American political and social rights of a human

• Niagara Movement 1905 

• This movement deals with Suffrage ( suffrage = voting rights ) 

• Civil rights movements 

• “ Ceaseless agitation” 

Wisconsin Idea

A social and political movement that used factual information from researchers to guide them in improving policies was created, and this was used as a “checks and balance” for labor rights and economic, political, and social enforcement of policies.

• Robert Lafollette and the Wisconsin Idea 1900

• Direct primaries

• Civil service

• State income tax

Wounded Knee

• This was a very important event, a Massacre that was very deadly and killed many Native Americans. This was important because it showed the final end of the unfair treatment of Native Americans and the way the US has treated the Native Americans in controlling land possession.

• Resistance to US policies

Yellow Journalism

This was the top journalism movement because this newspaper shared the news with inspiring stories that were sometimes not close to accurate news, and this was used to increase the views of those reading their newspapers. Also, this news was against the Cubans.