Organization of the Nervous System

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the organization of the nervous system, brain divisions, cortical functional areas, spinal cord functions, neural tissue terminology, meninges, CSF, and embryonic development of the neural tube.

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and __________.

spinal cord

In the peripheral nervous system, sensory information is carried within the __________ division.

afferent

In the peripheral nervous system, motor commands are carried within the __________ division.

efferent

Receptors that monitor internal conditions and the status of other organ systems are classified as __________ sensory receptors.

visceral

Based on the functional organization of the nervous system shown in the figure, motor commands in the efferent division include the somatic nervous system and the __________ nervous system.

autonomic

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic division and the __________ division.

sympathetic

The three main anatomical parts of the brain are the forebrain, midbrain, and __________.

hind brain

The telencephalon includes all of the cerebrum and internal nuclei such as the basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, and the __________ bulb.

olfactory

The two cerebral hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by the __________.

corpus callosum

The outermost layer of the cerebrum, known as the cerebral cortex, is composed of __________ of gray matter.

$$2\text{--}4\,\text{mm}$$

As shown in the cortical localization diagram, the primary motor cortex and motor association area are located in the __________ lobe.

frontal

The primary somatic sensory cortex and sensory association area are situated in the __________ lobe.

parietal

The visual cortex and visual association area are located in the __________ lobe.

occipital

The auditory cortex and auditory association area are located in the __________ lobe.

temporal

As illustrated in the diagram of basal ganglia structures, one primary function of the basal ganglia is motor control via connections with the motor cortex and the __________.

thalamus

As shown in the provided figure, the diencephalon consists of the thalamus and the __________.

hypothalamus

The mesencephalon (midbrain) is divided into two main parts: the tegmentum and the __________.

tectum

In the tectum of the midbrain, the superior colliculi contain nuclei for the __________ center.

visual

In the tectum of the midbrain, the inferior colliculi contain nuclei for the __________ center.

auditory

The myelencephalon division of the hindbrain consists of the __________, which contains sensory and motor tracts connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord.

medulla oblongata

The metencephalon division of the hindbrain consists of the cerebellum and the __________.

pons

The spinal cord conducts __________ stimuli from sensory receptors to the brain and efferent stimuli from the brain to effectors/muscles.

afferent

According to the neural tissue organization diagram, collections of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called __________, whereas collections of neuron cell bodies in the interior of the CNS are called nuclei.

ganglia

In the PNS, bundles of axons are known as nerves, while in the CNS, bundles of axons sharing a common origin, destination, and function are called __________.

tracts

As shown in the meninges and CSF diagram, the subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid mater and the __________ and contains cerebrospinal fluid.

pia mater

As shown in the neural ectoderm differentiation chart, neural crest cells give rise to most of the __________ nervous system.

peripheral

During the 4th week of embryonic development, the 3 primary vesicles formed are the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and __________.

rhombencephalon

According to embryonic development of the brain vesicles, the primary vesicle prosencephalon differentiates into the secondary vesicles telencephalon and __________.

diencephalon

The secondary vesicle metencephalon develops wall derivatives including the pons and __________.

cerebellum

The adult cavity derivative corresponding to the mesencephalon is the __________.

cerebral aqueduct