Phys Car 1
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50 Terms
The Cori Cycle describes the release of lactate from active muscle into the bloodstream and its subsequent uptake by the liver. The lactate in the liver is then used for
Glucose Synthesis
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following provide carbon skeletons for glucose synthesis in the liver between meals & during prolonged fasting?
Lactate, Glycerol, & Amino Acids
3 multiple choice options
Assume your patient has glucagon-secreting pancreatic tumor (glucagonoma). Which of the following is most likely to result from hyperglucagonemia?
Increased glucose synthesis
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following responses of glucagon and/ or insulin is most likely to occur in after ingesting a high carbohydrate meal?
Insulin levels increases
3 multiple choice options
One of the following enzymes is peculiar to the liver and is involved in the release of glucose from hepatocytes to serum
Glucose-6-Phosphatase
3 multiple choice options
Theronine, an amino acid, and arabinose, a monosaccharide, cross the cell membrane down their concentration gradients by
Secondary Active Transport
3 multiple choice options
Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the plasma membrane by
Passive diffusion through the cell membrane
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is primarily responsible for the change in membrane potential? (refer to the arrow for the indicated segment)
Movement of Na+ into the cell
3 multiple choice options
Communication among neurons and other target cells occurs short distances at a structure celled the __________, a region where the signaling cell and the target cell are very close together.
Synapse
3 multiple choice options
Sodium ions enter the ECF by crossing the digestive epithelial via
Primary active transport
3 multiple choice options
In an aqueous solution of the following solutes, which solution would be hyperosmotic compared from 1mM NaCl
1mM CaCl2
3 multiple choice options
After the generation of an action potential, neurons cannot generate another one for a while regardless of the strength of stimulation. The period is
Absolute refractory period
3 multiple choice options
At the peak of an action potential, a membrane potential is
Close to but less positive than the Na+ equilibrium potential
3 multiple choice options
The transport of fluids across cells in the mammalian body is dependent on the
Number of osmotically active solutes
3 multiple choice options
A mutation of the Na-K+ pump resulted in the loss of its function, this will abolish the Na+ gradient across the cell membrane. The glucose transport process that is affected by the defect is
Co-transport
3 multiple choice options
Which one of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment?
The plasma membrane
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
The sodium potassium pump is electrogenic
3 multiple choice options
If a cell has a solute of concentration of 350 mOsm which of the solutions would be hypotonic to the cell?
300
3 multiple choice options
The equilibrium potential for potassium ions is a membrane potential produced when there is
No net diffusion
3 multiple choice options
A shih-tzu is treated for congestive heart failure with the cardiac glycoside, oubain, which inhibits a specific transporter protein, Na/K+ ATPase pump. This drug will supress
Movement of K+ into the cell membrane and movement of Na out of the cell
3 multiple choice options
Extracellular fluid differs from intracellular fluid in that its
Sodium : potassium molar ratio is higher
3 multiple choice options
The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the
Net hydrostatic and net osmotic pressure
3 multiple choice options
In biological system, osmosis is a phenomenon by virtue of ________ of plasma membrane
Selective permeability
3 multiple choice options
Potassium ions are found highest in which of the following compartments?
ICF
3 multiple choice options
During fight or flight response to stress, the body needs glucose, and epinepherine contributes to increasing blood glucose
By stimulating glycogen breakdown and inhibiting glycogen synthesis
3 multiple choice options
Specific gravity of dogs urine is 1.001 and you suspect that she may be suffering from diabetes insipidus. You perform antidiuretic hormone (ACH) response test and pretreatment USG was 1.001 and post treatment USG was 1.025. These results indicate that the dog most likely has
Central diabetes insipidus: Defect in production of ADH
3 multiple choice options
Specific gravity of dogs urine is 1.001 and you suspect that she may be suffering from diabetes insipidus. You perform antidiuretic hormone (ACH) response test and pretreatment USG was 1.001 and post treatment USG was 1.001. These results indicate that the dog most likely has
Nephrogenic diabetes inspidus: Defective ADH receptors
3 multiple choice options
GPCRs are often referred to as seven- pass transmembrane receptors because they have
A polypeptide chain that crosses the lipid bilayer seven times
3 multiple choice options
Epinephrine stimulates heart rate by
Activating G-proteins, increasing cAMP levels, and increasing intracellular concentration of calcium
3 multiple choice options
G-proteins act as molecular switches inside the cell. Which one of the following statements is correct?
G-proteins are active when are bound to GTP
3 multiple choice options
Threshold stimuli are those which are strong enough to
Cause a net influx of positively charged ions from outside to inside the cell
3 multiple choice options
Which signaling type involves a secreted molecule acting on nearby cells?
Paracrine
3 multiple choice options
Which intracellular signaling proteins act as molecular switches by binding to GTP?
G-proteins
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a lipid soluble second messenger?
DAG
3 multiple choice options
The majority of drug in modern medicine targets which receptor family?
G-protein coupled receptors
3 multiple choice options
Adenylate cyclase converts ATP into
cAMP
3 multiple choice options
Epinephrine binding to cardiac GPCRs results in
Increased heart rate and force
3 multiple choice options
Vasopressin acts on the kidney primarily by
Inserting aquaporions into the collecting duct
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is the major mammalian fuel and most widely distributed CHO in nature?
Glucose
3 multiple choice options
Which transporter is responsible for moving 2 Na+ ions along with 1 glucose molecule in the small intestine?
SGLT-1
3 multiple choice options
During glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are directly generated per molecule of glucose?
2
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following enzymes is inducible in liver and pancreatic B-cells but not in the ruminant liver?
Glucokinase
3 multiple choice options
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway provides
NADPH & Ribose
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following TCA enzyme deficiency is incompatible with life?
Any TCA enzyme deficiency
3 multiple choice options
The continuous cycle converting lactate to glucose in the liver and back to lactate in the muscle is called?
The Cori Cycle
3 multiple choice options
Which pathway is primarily used by ruminants for glucose production?
Gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
The uronic acid pathway is essential for
Vitamin C synthesis
3 multiple choice options
An American Cocker Spaniel presents with exercise intolerance and muscle weakness. Genetic testing reveals a glycolytic enzyme deficiency. Which enzyme is most likely deficient?
Phosphofructokinase
3 multiple choice options
A Clumber Spaniel puppy shows fatigue after 5 minutes of play, collapses, then recovers after resting. Which metabolic disorder best explains this?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
3 multiple choice options
A Weimaraner is found to have red cell oxidative damage and hemolytic anemia during stress. Which enzyme deficiency is likely?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
3 multiple choice options