APUSH - Period 4 - VQ 5

Erie Canal

Canal connecting the Great Lakes and Atlantic Ocean to facilitate trade between the Northeast and Midwest

American System

Henry Clay’s economic plan with 3 components: protective tariff, internal improvements, and national bank

Tariff of Abominations

• Tariff on foreign manufactured goods intending to help manufacturers in the northeast

• angered people in the south because they saw it as benefitting the north at their expense

Second Bank of the United States

One out of 3 components of the American System, followed Hamiltons plan for a national bank

Panic of 1837

Economic depression in the United States under President Andrew Jackson

• caused by land speculation

• dismantling of Second Bank of the United States

Cotton Gin

Invention that ripped the good parts of cotton away from sticky center quickly, revolutionizing the American economy.

Lowell System

Textile manufacturing model that employed young, single women, and was known for combining the processes of spinning thread and weaving textiles in one place for the first time.

Transportation Revolution

19th century period when the United States went through “internal improvements” building canals, steamboats, highways, and railroads

Interchangeable Parts

Manufacturing identical parts that can be easily exchanged for one another so that goods can be repaired quickly

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain over trade conflict in the seas → British were attacking US ships and “impressing” their soldiers

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans 

A battle in the War of 1812 that ended in decisive American victory, and was important because although it occurred after the Treaty of Ghent was signed to end the war, it ensured that the British would not contest the Treaty and it could be ratified quickly

Embargo Act of 1807

An act that Thomas Jefferson passed in 1807 intending to protect American ships from British attack, forbidding ANY foreign trade which had devastating effects on the American economy

Impressment

When British soldiers would hijack American ships and capture the soldiers to impress into their army

Hartford Convention

Meeting between New England Federalists to discuss a succession from the Union because they didn’t support the War of 1812

Second Great Awakening 

Protestant religious revival that inspired social justice movements

Transcendentalism

American philosophical, spiritual, and literary movement that emphasized connection to nature and individualism 

Seneca Falls Convention

First Women’s Rights Convention

Temperance Movement

Social campaign motivated by the Second Great Awakening that focused on limiting alcohol consumption

Abolitionism

movement to end slavery

The Underground Railroad

Network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to free states and Canada in the 19th century

American Colonization Society

An organization which aimed to help emancipated slaves return to a colony called Liberia

Cult of Domesticity

A social ideology that defined middle and upper class women’s roles as confined to the home and family

Hudson River School

American art movement which focused on appreciating the beauty of American landscapes, creating a national identity through art.

Utopian Communitie

Societies formed to create a perfect, idealistic world based on shared social, political, or religious principles, often withdrawing from mainstream society.