private pilot study guide

ARROW (required documents)

Airworthiness certificate

Registration

Radio operator’s license (except domestic flights)

Operating limitations

Weight and balance

AVIATE (required inspections)

Annual

VOR

100-hour (commercial and education operations)

Altimeter and pitot-static system

Transponder

ELT

How often must a VOR be checked?

Every 30 days

How often must the altimeter and pitot-static system be inspected?

Every 24 calendar months

How often must the transponder be inspected?

Every 24 calendar months

How often should the ELT be inspected?

Every 12 calendar months

How often should the ELT’s battery be replaced?

Every cumulative hour of use, or half of the battery’s useful life

A TOMATO FLAMES (req. eq. for Day VFR flights)

Airspeed indicator

Tachometer (1 per engine)

Oil pressure gauge (1 per engine)

Manifold pressure gauge (if applicable)

Altimeter

Temperature gauge (1 per liquid cooled engine)

Oil temperature gauge (1 per engine)

Fuel gauges

Landing gear position indicator (if retractable)

Anti-collision lights

Magnetic compass

ELT

Safety belts

5 Cs (lost procedures)

Confess (that you are lost)

Climb (gives better visibility and radio reception)

Conserve (fuel)

Contact (FSS/ATC)

Comply (with instructions given)

Bonus: Circle (so as to not get more lost)

NWKRAFT (preflight planning)

Notams

Weather

Known ATC delays

Runway lengths

Alternative routes/ airports

Fuel requirements- 91.167

Take off data

FLAPS (VFR night req. eq.)

Fuses (if needed)

Landing light (if for hire)

Anti-collision lights

Position lights (NAV lights)

Source of electric power

VFR cruising altitudes headings 0-179 (FAR 91.159)

odd thousand altitudes +500’

VFR cruising altitudes headings 180-359 (FAR 91.159)

even thousand altitudes +500’

Between which altitudes are the VFR cruising altitudes in effect?

above 3,000’ AGL and below 18,000’ MSL

Is there a MEL (Minimum Equipment List) for the DA-40s?

no but it is not necessary per FAR 91.213(d)

What are the required docs for a private pilot to be able to fly?

Pilot license

Government-issued photo ID

Current medical

Endorsements, checks, currencies needed for flight

What are the different types of hypoxia?

hypoxic hypoxia, hypemic hypoxia, stagnant hypoxia, histoxic hypoxia

What is hypoxic hypoxia?

low content of oxygen in the air and therefore deficient amount of oxygen in body

What is hypemic hypoxia?

reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen

What is stagnant hypoxia?

body is not pumping blood around enough to deliver oxygen even though there is plenty being breathed in

What is histoxic hypoxia?

cells cannot use oxygen even though plenty is being moved around the body

What is hyperventilation?

deficiency of carbon dioxide in the body

What could cause hypemic hypoxia?

carbon monoxide

What could cause stagnant hypoxia?

cold temperatures or high gs

What could cause histotoxic hypoxia?

Alcohol

What are the Class G VFR weather mins?

below 1200 AGL:

Day: 1 SM- clear of clouds

Night: 3 sm- 1000 above, 500 below, 2000 horiz

above 1200 AGL and below 10,000 MSL:

Day: 1 SM- 152

Night: 3 SM- 152

between 10,000 MSL and FL180:

Day: 5 SM- 1000 above, 1000 below, 1 sm horiz

Night: 5 SM- 111

What are the Class E VFR weather mins?

below 10,000 MSL:

3 SM- 152

above 10,000 MSL and below FL 180:

5 SM- 111

What are the Class D VFR weather mins?

3 SM- 152

What are the Class C VFR weather mins?

3 SM- 152

What are the Class B VFR weather mins?

3 SM- clear of clouds

What is the minimum pilot certification to enter Class G, E, D, C airspaces?

Student pilot

What is the minimum pilot certification to enter Class B airspace?

Student (with endorsement), Private

What is the minimum pilot certification to enter Class A airspace?

Private with Instrument rating

What is the required equipment to fly in class G and E airspace?

none

What is the required equipment to fly in class D airspace?

2-way radio

What is the required equipment to fly in class C and B airspace?

Transponder with altitude reporting capability, 2-way radio

Engine fire procedures

Cabin heat off

Select landing field

Fuel tank selector off

Throttle max

Fuel pump off

Master switch on

Emergency windows open if required

Emergency land with engine off

What are the V speeds for the DA-40?

Vr: 59

Vx: n/a

Vy: 66

Vg: 73

Va: 108

What is Vx?

best angle of climb speed. Most altitude over a given horizontal distance

What is Vy?

best rate of climb speed. most altitude over a given time

Describe the construction of a DA-40

GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer), semi-monocoque

Describe the engine of a DA-40

Lycoming IO-360-M1A. Air-cooled four-cylinder four-stroke engine. Horizontally-opposed direct-drive engine with fuel injection and underslung exhaust

What is the displacement of the engine?

361 in³

What is the max. power from the engine?

180 HP at 2700 RPM (at sea level and ISA)

What is the max. continuous power from the engine?

160 HP at 2400 RPM (at sea level and ISA)

What is the definition of endurance?

max. length of time a plane can spend in cruising flight

What is the definition of range?

max distance a plane can travel on a full fuel tank under given conditions

What is standard lapse rate?

2 C (3.5 F) per thousand feet

What is the chemical makeup of the atmosphere?

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, .9% other gases

What is the transponder code to signify hijacking?

7500

What is the transponder code for radio failure?

7600

What is the transponder code for emergency?

7700

What does a Mode A transponder transmit?

Squawk codes

What does a Mode C transponder transmit?

Squawk codes and altitude

What does a Mode S transponder transmit?

Squawk codes, altitude, and detailed flight data

At what speed should you cruise in straight-and-level flight?

95 knots

What are windmilling prop engine restart procedures?

Pitch for 80 kts

Switch fuel tanks

Check magnetos (ignition switch)

Check mixture control

Fuel pump on

Alternate air open

Lean mixture

Enrich mixture till engine starts

What are stationary prop engine restart procedures?

Pitch for 80 kts

Electrical off

Avionics master off

Master switch on

Check mixture

Check fuel tank selector

Fuel pump on

Alternate air open

Ignition switch start

What are descent procedures?

ATIS

Set altimeters

Fuel selector on fullest

Fuel pump on

Landing light on

Speeds/altitudes brief

What is the 500-foot check?

Flaps up

2350 RPM

Max throttle

Fuel pump off

Engine instruments in green

What is in the cruise check?

Lights as required

Throttle and RPM set

Mixture lean as required

Fuel tank switch as required

Engine instruments in green

CHTs below 400

WARTS (departure brief)

Weather

Abnormals

Runways

Terrain

Special considerations

SAFETY (passenger briefing)

Seabelts

Air control

Fire extinguisher

Exits

Traffic

Your questions?

Nose-up unusual attitude recovery

Roll wings level

Full throttle

Nose down

Nose-down unusual attitude recovery

Roll wings level

Power idle

Nose toward the horizon

what errors will occur if the pitot tube is blocked?

airspeed indicator will show incorrect or zero. altimeter and vsi will not be affected

what errors will occur if the pitot tube and the drain are both clogged?

airspeed indicator will freeze at the last airspeed before the drain clogged. a climb indicates a faster airspeed and a descent indicates a slower airspeed.

what errors will occur if the static ports are clogged?

airspeed indicator would indicate a slower airspeed at higher altitudes and a higher airspeed at lower altitudes. altimeter gets frozen at the altitude static was blocked at. vsi will move down to zero and stay there.

how long is the registration good for?

7 years

what are the 4 strokes of the engine?

intake, compression, combustion, exhaust

if the prop lever is all the way forward, what configuration is the propeller in?

low pitch, high rpms

if the prop lever is all the way back, what configuration is the propeller in?

high pitch, low rpms

what instruments does the backup setting power?

attitude indicator, floodlight

at what altitudes must oxygen be worn?

above 12,500 ft after 30 minutes pilot and crew must have oxygen. above 14,000 ft they must hvae oxygen. above 15,000, all crew and passengers must have supplemental oxygen.

what kind of oxygen must be used in flight?

aviators’ breathing oxygen

how can you tell if you are lined up to land even without a glideslope indicator?

if both ends of the runway look the same size.

how can you tell if you are high when landing without a glideslope indicator?

the further end of the runway looks bigger than the closer one.

how can you tell if you are low when landing without a glideslope indicator?

the closer end of the runway looks bigger than the further one.

at what speed should you emergency descend?

178 knots (never exceed in smooth air)

at what point should you put flaps in?

when landing site is assured

if not otherwise specified, where is the class e base?

14,500

where are most class e bases?

1,200

what is a prohibited area?

an area where flight is prohibited

what is a restricted area?

flight is not strictly prohibited but can be very dangerous if the area is active. often involves invisible hazards.

what is a warning area?

area not only governed by the US government, similar to restricted area

what is a Military Operations area?

defined space where military activities take place. ifr traffic can be cleared through an MOA. don’t go in unless cleared

what is an alert area?

areas that may contain a lot of flight training or unusual aeronautical activity. all pilots are responsible for safety in flight.

what is a controlled firing area?

military activities on the ground but they stop firing when a plane is spotted moving through the area. not charted because they do not pose a hazard to civilian flights.

why is the wendover airport class e to the surface?

to allow for instrument approaches

PARE (spin recovery)

Power idle
Ailerons neutral

Rudders opposite direction of spin

Elevators slightly forward

what equipment is required in class e airspace above 10,000 ft msl?

mode c transponder, ads-b out