Separation Techniques for Mixtures

Flashcards covering vocabulary, techniques, precautions, and underlying principles for separating various mixtures based on the lecture transcript.

Separating funnel technique

A separation method used for immiscible liquids like oil and water that separate into distinct layers due to differences in density.

Immiscible liquids

Liquids that do not mix with each other, such as oil and water, and form distinct layers based on density.

Paper chromatography

A technique used to separate the different coloured dyes or components of a mixture, such as black ink, based on their different rates of movement through paper.

Paper chromatography solvent precaution

The requirement that the small ink spot placed on the pencil line must remain strictly above the solvent level when placed in the beaker.

Sublimation technique

A separation method where a component directly changes from a solid state to a vapour state upon heating without becoming a liquid.

Ammonium chloride

A solid substance that, when heated in a mixture with common salt, changes directly into vapour and deposits on the cooler inner surface of an inverted funnel.

Cotton plug in sublimation

A plug placed loosely in the stem of the inverted funnel to trap vapours while heating a sublimable mixture.

Coagulation technique

A process where suspended impurities aggregate into heavier flocs and settle at the bottom of a liquid mixture.

Alum

A substance added to muddy water to cause the coagulation and settling of suspended mud particles, leaving clear water above.

Separating funnel principle

Separation based on the difference in density and immiscibility of the liquid components.

Paper chromatography principle

Separation based on the different rates of movement of various components through the paper.

Sublimation principle

Separation based on the difference in sublimation properties between mixture components.

Coagulation principle

Separation based on suspended particles aggregating together and settling at the bottom.