DT REVISION

Eatwell Guide

A guide showing the proportions of different food groups needed for a healthy, balanced diet.

Portions of fruit and vegetables per day

At least 5 portions.

Portions of fish per week

2 portions, with at least 1 oily fish.

Glasses of fluid per day

6–8 glasses.

Healthy eating

Eating a balanced diet that provides the nutrients and energy needed to stay healthy.

More fiber

To help the digestive system work properly.

Less fat

Excess fat is stored in the body.

Less sugar

It causes tooth decay and excess sugar is stored as fat.

Less salt

It increases blood pressure and can damage the kidneys.

Oily fish

It provides essential fatty acids that the body cannot make.

2 litres of fluid/day

To stay hydrated.

At least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables

For vitamins, minerals and fiber.

More complex carbohydrates

They provide slow-release energy and keep you fuller for longer.

Less saturated fat

It can lead to cholesterol build-up and heart disease.

Skipping breakfast

It gives energy and raises blood sugar levels for the day.

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts for healthy growth, development and wellbeing.

Dextrinization

The browning of starchy foods when heated.

Example of dextrinization

Toast turning golden brown.

Ferrous metal

A metal that contains iron.

Key property of ferrous metals

They are usually magnetic.

Non-ferrous metal

A metal that does not contain iron.

Alloy

A mixture of two or more metals (or a metal and another element) to improve properties.

Galvanisation

Coating steel with zinc to prevent rusting.

Ductility

The ability of a material to be drawn into a wire without breaking.

Malleability

The ability of a material to be hammered or shaped without breaking.

Properties of mild steel

Tough, easy to form, cheap, rusts if unprotected.

Uses of mild steel

Nuts, bolts and bike frames.

Properties of cast iron

Can be cast in moulds and rusts easily.

Uses of cast iron

Manhole covers, pans and gates.

Properties of high carbon steel

Hard-wearing and sharpens well.

Uses of high carbon steel

Tools.

Four non-ferrous metals to remember

Zinc, Aluminium, Copper and Tin.

Zinc's properties and uses

Brittle, blue-grey, used for galvanising steel.

Aluminium's properties and uses

Lightweight, strong, ductile, used for cans and kitchen utensils.

Copper's properties and uses

Good conductor, rose coloured, used for wiring and plumbing.

Tin's properties and uses

Soft and malleable, used for food cans.

Brass composition

Copper and zinc.

Uses of brass

Musical instruments and ornaments.

Composition of stainless steel

Chromium, nickel and manganese.

Uses of stainless steel

Cutlery, sinks and saucepans.

Composition of high speed steel

Tungsten, chromium, vanadium and carbon.

Uses of high speed steel

Drill bits and saw blades.

Circuit

A complete path through which electricity flows.

Input

A component that starts or controls an electrical circuit.

Examples of inputs

Switch, thermistor, pressure pad.

Process

The part of a system that receives information from an input and controls the output.

Output

A component that produces a result from an electrical circuit.

Examples of outputs

LED, bulb, buzzer, speaker.

How an electronic system works

Input → Process → Output.

Softwood

Wood from coniferous trees.

Hardwood

Wood from deciduous trees.

Manufactured board

A board made from wood waste, fibres or veneers bonded together.

Properties of pine

Lightweight and easy to work with.

Properties of larch

Tough and water resistant.

Properties of spruce

High strength-to-weight ratio.

Properties of cedar

Naturally water resistant.

Properties of oak and ash

Strong and common hardwoods.

Special property of beech

It doesn’t splinter.

Properties of mahogany

Tough and attractive red colour.

Special property of balsa wood

Very lightweight but strong for its weight.

Properties of chipboard

Cheap but chips easily.

Properties of MDF

Dense with a smooth surface.

Properties of plywood

Layers glued together, strong, water-resistant versions available.

Natural fibre

A fibre that comes from plants or animals.

Examples of natural fibres

Cotton, wool and silk.

Synthetic fibre

A fibre made from oil-based chemicals.

Examples of synthetic fibres

Nylon, polyester and elastane.

Properties of cotton

Absorbent and creases easily.

Properties of wool

Warm and a good insulator.

Properties of silk

Smooth and strong.

Properties of nylon

Very strong and abrasion resistant.

Properties of polyester

Strong and holds colour well.

Properties of elastane

Very stretchy.

Woven fabric

Fabric made by interlacing warp and weft yarns.

Properties of woven fabrics

Strong and tear in a straight line.

Knitted fabric

Fabric made from interlocking loops of yarn.

Properties of knitted fabrics

Stretchy and warm.

Non-woven fabric

Fabric made by bonding, compressing or melting fibres together.

Properties of non-woven fabrics

Do not fray because they have no grain.

Three fabric construction methods

Woven, Knitted and Non-woven.

Sustainability

Meeting present needs without preventing future generations from meeting theirs.

Upcycling

Turning waste materials into something better or more valuable.

Single-use product

A product designed to be used once and then disposed of.

Finite resource

A resource that will eventually run out.

Recycling

Processing waste materials into new products.

The 3 R’s

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

Meaning of Reduce

Use fewer resources.

Meaning of Reuse

Use items again.

Meaning of Recycle

Turn waste into new products.

Four stages of a baked bean can’s lifecycle

Extraction, Manufacture, Transport and Disposal.

Environmental problems from material extraction

Deforestation and habitat loss.

Environmental problem from manufacture

High CO₂ emissions.

Environmental problem from transportation

Air pollution and CO₂ emissions.

Environmental problem from disposal

Landfill waste and pollution.