Reconstruction Assessment (Modified)

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Last updated 7:06 PM on 2/28/25
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20 Terms

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Reconstruction

The period following the Civil War when the United States implemented policies to rebuild the South.

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Freedmen’s Bureau

A federal agency established to help formerly enslaved people in their transition to freedom.

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Radical Republicans

Group of Congressmen that wanted a harsher Reconstruction plan than Johnson and Lincoln. Wanted to punish the South.

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Andrew Johnson

A Democrat who became President after Lincoln’s assassination. He oversaw the early Reconstruction era and faced significant opposition from Congress, leading to his impeachment.

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Black Codes

Laws passed in Southern states to restrict the rights of African Americans. Codes meant to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery.

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14th Amendment

An amendment saying African Americans are now citizens.

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15th Amendment

An amendment that banned states from denying African Americans the right to vote.

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Military Reconstruction Act

Act passed by congressional Republicans that divided the South into military districts governed by Union generals.

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Impeachment

The process of trying to remove a government official. Leads to a trial and potential removal from office. Johnson was impeached but not removed.

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Ulysses S. Grant

Former Union general during the Civil War. Won 1868 election and became president after Johnson.

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Carpetbagger

A term for Northern whites who moved to the South after the Civil War for political and economic opportunities.

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Scalawag

A term to describe Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party.

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Hiram Revels

The first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate, representing Mississippi.

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Joseph Rainey

The first African American to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives, serving South Carolina.

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White Supremacy

The belief that white people are superior to those of all other racial backgrounds like African Americans. Many Southerners feel this way.

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Ku Klux Klan

A group formed in the South that aimed at maintaining white supremacy through violence and intimidation of African Americans and Republicans.

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Enforcement Acts

Laws to stop violence in the South that was targeting African Americans and Republicans. It had 3 parts.

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Compromise of 1877

An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election. Hayes became president and Union soldiers were removed from the South. This ended Reconstruction.

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Sharecropping

An agricultural system in which landowners allowed African Americans to farm the land. African Americans would pay a piece of their crops as rent for the land.

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Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Essentially replaced Black Codes.