7th Grade Texas History Final Exam Review

Flashcards for 7th Grade Texas History Final Exam Review covering Manifest Destiny, Industrial Revolution, Age of Reform, Civil War Causes, Civil War, Reconstruction, and Government.

What is Manifest Destiny?

The idea that the United States was destined to expand westward to spread democracy and civilization and claim western territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Which president is most closely associated with Manifest Destiny?

James K. Polk

Why did thousands of Americans head west during the first part of the 19th century?

To find fertile land to farm, to find gold in California, and to buy cheap land.

What were the causes of the Mexican-American War?

After the annexation of Texas, a border dispute between the US & Mexico led to the Mexican-American War. The United States believed the Texas’ border was at the Rio Grande; Mexico believed it was at the Nueces River.

What natural resource was discovered in California in 1848 & 1849?

Gold

What did Texas and California both have in common?

Both were Spanish colonies, provinces, and then became Mexican states.

Why did thousands of Irish immigrants come to the United States during the 1840s?

A famine caused by the failure of their potato crop.

What are characteristics of the free enterprise system?

It allows companies, inventors, and consumers to choose what buy, sell, and produce

What were interchangeable parts and where the effects of their use on the growth of manufacturing industry?

Use of mass-production techniques. The production of goods became more efficient; price of goods decreased.

Where were women employed during the early 1800s in the New England (Northern) states?

They were employed as cloth weavers in textile mills. They migrated from rural communities to cities.

Name the causes of the Civil War.

Slavery, Sectionalism, and States’ Rights

Who was the President of the Union during the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln

Who was the main General of the Union during the Civil War?

Ulysses Grant

Who was the President of the Confederacy during the Civil War?

Jefferson Davis

Who was the main General of the Confederacy during the Civil War?

Robert E. Lee

What event marks the start of the Civil War?

Fort Sumter

What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?

It was a 3-day battle, the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, with over 50k casualties and was a major victory for the North. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address (speech) here.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

Lincoln ordered rebellious states to free their slaves.

What was the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg?

Union victory known as the turning point of the war. The Union captured the Mississippi River and split the South in half, cutting off supplies and reinforcements.

Where did the South surrender to the North, officially ending the Civil War?

Appomattox Courthouse

What event occurred after the surrender of the South in Brownsville, Texas?

Palmito Ranch

What happened to Lincoln on April 14, 1865?

John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at Ford’s Theater.

According to Johnson's Reconstruction Plan, what did Southern states have to do?

Southern states had to pass the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery but allowed Black Codes and discrimination.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Abolished slavery in the nation.

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Guaranteed states give citizens basic civil rights and equality.

What did the 15th Amendment do?

Gave the right to vote to former slaves (but not women).

What are the key principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence?

“Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”

What was the main weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

Created a weak federal government.

What are the three branches of government established by the U.S. Constitution?

Legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

What is the Bill of Rights?

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution that protects citizens’ individual rights.

What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment?

Guarantees freedom of (RAPPS): religion, assembly, petition, press, speech.

What does the Second Amendment protect?

Gives people the right to bear arms (weapons).

What does the Fourth Amendment protect against?

No unreasonable searches & seizures (confiscating property)

What is protected under the Fifth Amendment?

The right to due process of law, freedom from self- incrimination (plead the 5th), no double jeopardy