Lesson 2.3. Religion, Political, and Digital Self

Religion

an organized system of ideas about the spiritual or supernatural realm, that is accompanied by rituals. Through rituals, people attempt to influence things that they think are beyond their control.

Spirituality

also concerns an aspect of the divine and supernatural but is often times limited to the individual, with no need for any formal organization. This is the search for meaning and direction in life and the ways

Rituals/Ritu

done in religion and whatever is done repeatedly which is categorized into 2: Calendric and based on Crisis

Sacrament

example of Catholic Rituals and Practices that contains both a visible ritual and an invisible, spiritual component that connects the receiver to God

The Sacraments of Initiation

Baptism, the Eucharist, and confirmation

The Sacraments of Healing

Reconciliation and Anointing of the sick

The Sacraments of Vocational Consecration

matrimony, ordination, Vows to Religious life

Spirituality

involves the recognition of a feeling, or sense, or belief that there is something greater than myself, something more to being human than sensory experience, and that the greater whole of which we are part is cosmic or divine in nature

Primal or Undifferentiated

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• early learning of the safety of the environment (warm, safe, and secure vs hurt, neglect, and abuse)

• seeds of faith/spirituality

• observed in infants, toddlers

Intuitive-Projective

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• need for concrete symbols and stories

• observed in preschool

Mythic-Literal

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• strong beliefs in the justice/reciprocity of the universe

• deities are almost always anthropomorphic

• observed in school age

Synthetic-Conventional

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• conformity to a personal myth, identity, set of values

• conformity to authority and the religious development of a personal identity

• Any conflicts with one's beliefs are ignored at this stage due to the fear of threat from inconsistencies

• observed in adolescence (age 12 and up)

Individuative-Reflective

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• taking of personal responsibility for beliefs, values, systems of meaning, commitments

• stage of angst and struggle

• individual takes personal responsibility for his or her beliefs and feelings

• there is an openness to a new complexity of faith, but this also increases the awareness of conflicts in one's belief.

• observed in early adulthood (21 and up)

Conjunctive

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• acknowledgement of paradoxes of experience

• faith subjected to critical reflection

• observed in middle adulthood

Universalizing

Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence:

• rare

• enlightenment

• altruistically creating of zones of liberation

Logotherapy

involves helping a person find personal meaning in life

Victor Frankl

who proposed Logotherapy

creating

Logotherapy proposes that meaning in life can be discovered in three distinct ways:

1. By ___________ a work or doing a deed.

2. By ____________something or encountering someone.

3. By the _________ that we take toward unavoidable suffering.

1 = ?

experiencing

Logotherapy proposes that meaning in life can be discovered in three distinct ways:

1. By ___________ a work or doing a deed.

2. By ____________something or encountering someone.

3. By the _________ that we take toward unavoidable suffering.

2 = ?

attitude

Logotherapy proposes that meaning in life can be discovered in three distinct ways:

1. By ___________ a work or doing a deed.

2. By ____________something or encountering someone.

3. By the _________ that we take toward unavoidable suffering.

3 = ?

Political Self

an increasing awareness of the deeply dysfunctional and divisive nature of many of our traditional political and economic institutions

Political Psychology

• is a thriving field of social scientific inquiry, with roots in political science and psychology and connections to a range of other social sciences, including sociology, economics, communication, business, education, and many other fields. Political psychologists attempt to understand the psychological underpinnings, roots, and consequences of political behavior

• is an inherently interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to explain political phenomena with insights from psychology, political science, sociology, and related disciplines

Political Psychology

branch of applied psychology that increases understanding how people shape and are shaped by the political world around them

Political Ideology

defined as a set of a stable interrelated beliefs and attitudes that organize views on political social issues (Jost et al., 2009)

Political Behavior

refers to any form of (individual or collective) involvement in the political process, or any activity which has political consequences in relation to government and policy. (Oxford, Dictionary of Sociology)

Political Power

ability of an individual or a group of people to influence the thoughts, actions, and mindset of people in a nation

partisan identification

WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES?

1. Political differences arise simply from _______________. (Campbell, 1960)

2. Political differences arise from underlying _________________ (Jost, 2006)

1 = ?

political ideology

WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES?

1. Political differences arise simply from _______________. (Campbell, 1960)

2. Political differences arise from underlying _________________ (Jost, 2006)

2 = ?

Political Spectrum

concept that models political beliefs and ideologies as a continuum, with left-wing liberalism and rightwing conservatism anchoring the two poles

Left (Liberalism)

Concerned with social change and equality

Right (Conservatism)

Concerned with Traditional morality and hierarchy

Percolation-up Model

2 SOURCES OF POLITICAL POWER:

• assumes that power rests with the citizens of a country

• citizens in turn elect leaders and give them political power to run the country on their behalf

Drip-Down Model

2 SOURCES OF POLITICAL POWER:

• Ultimate power doesn’t rest with the citizens but with the leadership of a country

Biological

WHY POLITICAL POWER IS FORMED:

• human nature to form social groups with dominance hierarchies

Psychological

WHY POLITICAL POWER IS FORMED:

• shows how humans behave in various situations, asserts that the behaviors are innate; however, there tend to be some who violate norms

Cultural

WHY POLITICAL POWER IS FORMED:

• argues that much human behavior is learned, derived from our culture

Rational

WHY POLITICAL POWER IS FORMED:

• people form governments because it is a rational thing to do; we need institutions to help us survive

Irrational

WHY POLITICAL POWER IS FORMED:

• argues that people are emotional, moved by myths and stereotypes

Composite

WHY POLITICAL POWER IS FORMED:

• elements of all these explanations have some truth

Politics

refers to the actions or activities concerned with achieving and using power in a nation or society

power

Politics as imbibed by man implies several things:

1. Concerned with _______

2. Functions based on a particular ______________ context

3. Based on one’s _________

4. Goes _____________ with the society

1 = ?

social economic and cultural

Politics as imbibed by man implies several things:

1. Concerned with _______

2. Functions based on a particular ______________ context

3. Based on one’s _________

4. Goes _____________ with the society

2 = ?

personality

Politics as imbibed by man implies several things:

1. Concerned with _______

2. Functions based on a particular ______________ context

3. Based on one’s _________

4. Goes _____________ with the society

3 = ?

hand in hand

Politics as imbibed by man implies several things:

1. Concerned with _______

2. Functions based on a particular ______________ context

3. Based on one’s _________

4. Goes _____________ with the society

4 = ?

Political Culture

pattern of individual attitudes and orientation towards politics among members of a political system

family ties or kinship

Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture:

1. Dominance of ______________________ system

2. _____________ or the words or phrases used to soften, obscure, or make a concept sound more acceptable, often to manipulate public perception

3. ____________ or sense of reciprocal loyalty and moral indebtedness when someone does you a great favor

4. Sense of __________

5. Belief that majority of politicians are ______

6. Lack of ________________

1 = ?

euphemism

Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture:

1. Dominance of ______________________ system

2. _____________ or the words or phrases used to soften, obscure, or make a concept sound more acceptable, often to manipulate public perception

3. ____________ or sense of reciprocal loyalty and moral indebtedness when someone does you a great favor

4. Sense of __________

5. Belief that majority of politicians are ______

6. Lack of ________________

2 = ?

utang na loob

Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture:

1. Dominance of ______________________ system

2. _____________ or the words or phrases used to soften, obscure, or make a concept sound more acceptable, often to manipulate public perception

3. ____________ or sense of reciprocal loyalty and moral indebtedness when someone does you a great favor

4. Sense of __________

5. Belief that majority of politicians are ______

6. Lack of ________________

3 = ?

overdependency

Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture:

1. Dominance of ______________________ system

2. _____________ or the words or phrases used to soften, obscure, or make a concept sound more acceptable, often to manipulate public perception

3. ____________ or sense of reciprocal loyalty and moral indebtedness when someone does you a great favor

4. Sense of __________

5. Belief that majority of politicians are ______

6. Lack of ________________

4 = ?

corrupt

Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture:

1. Dominance of ______________________ system

2. _____________ or the words or phrases used to soften, obscure, or make a concept sound more acceptable, often to manipulate public perception

3. ____________ or sense of reciprocal loyalty and moral indebtedness when someone does you a great favor

4. Sense of __________

5. Belief that majority of politicians are ______

6. Lack of ________________

5 = ?

political maturity

Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture:

1. Dominance of ______________________ system

2. _____________ or the words or phrases used to soften, obscure, or make a concept sound more acceptable, often to manipulate public perception

3. ____________ or sense of reciprocal loyalty and moral indebtedness when someone does you a great favor

4. Sense of __________

5. Belief that majority of politicians are ______

6. Lack of ________________

6 = ?

Citizenship

legal relationship between a person and a country

Jus sanguinis (law of blood)

which is the legal principle that, at birth, an individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural parent/s

Jus soli (law of soil)

legal principle that a person’s nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth

Citizenship

• political status

• based on legal or juristic concept

• can be changed

• can be reversed

• can be multiple

Nationality

• individual membership

• based on ethnic or racial

• cannot be changed

• innate

• a person can be national of only one country

The Ideal Filipino Citizens

Article XIV, Sec. 3 par. 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution identifies the qualities expected of citizens to possess, thereby creating ideal citizens. It states that an ideal citizen is patriotic and nationalistic, foster love of humanity, has respect to human rights, appreciate the role of national heroes, knows the tights and duties of citizenship, has strong ethical and spiritual values, and has good moral character and personal discipline.

Governance

defined as the traditions and institutions that determine how authority is exercised in a particular country

selected

Governance includes:

1. The process by which governments are _______, held accountable, monitored, and replaced

2. The capacity of government to _________ resources efficiently and formulate, implement, and enforced sound policies and regulations

3. The _________ of citizens and the states for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them.

1 = ?

manage

Governance includes:

1. The process by which governments are _______, held accountable, monitored, and replaced

2. The capacity of government to _________ resources efficiently and formulate, implement, and enforced sound policies and regulations

3. The _________ of citizens and the states for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them.

2 = ?

respect

Governance includes:

1. The process by which governments are _______, held accountable, monitored, and replaced

2. The capacity of government to _________ resources efficiently and formulate, implement, and enforced sound policies and regulations

3. The _________ of citizens and the states for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them.

3 = ?

Active Citizenship

Structured forms of engagement with political processes and everyday forms of participation in a society

Engaging in such activities can also enhance efficacy and competence of the younger generation, as they are considered to be the “future leaders of the society”

Nationalism, Respect for every person’s rights, Productivity

Traits of an Active Citizen

Cyberpsychology

Branch of psychology that examines:

• how we interact with others using technology

• how our behaviour is influenced by technology

• how technology can be developed to best suit our needs

• how our psychological states can be affected by technologies

mainly focused in the world wide web

Identity

development of one’s self-concept, including one’s thought and feelings about oneself

Actual Self, Ought Self, Ideal Self

online world is composed of:

Online Anonymity

Gives people the chance to present any of these three selves and hence permits individuals to better present aspect of their true selves than they would feel capable of doing in a face-to-face interaction

Being Online

Information related to how we engage and exist online, it comprises three digital domains: access and inclusion, learning and creativity and media and information literacy

Well-being Online

Information related to how we feel online, comprising another three digital domains: ethics and empathy, health and well-being, and e-presence and communications.

Rights Online

Information related to being accountable online, comprising the final four digital domains: active participation, rights and responsibilities, privacy and security and consumer awareness.

Fear of missing out (FoMO)

DIGITAL WORLD ISSUES AND CONFLICTS:

• exists when an individual is anxious of being left out and feels the constant need to know what the others are doing

• an anxiety that emanates from the feeling that you are not up to date because of the phase social media and news pass very quickly

Screen Dependency Disorder

DIGITAL WORLD ISSUES AND CONFLICTS:

• Emerging problem (not yet included in DSM-5 and/or ICD-10)

• dependent, problematic behavior, including withdrawal symptoms, increasing tolerance (for screen use),

• failure to reduce or stop screen activities, lying about the extent of use, loss of outside interests, and continuation of screen use despite adverse consequences.

Internet Gaming Disorder

DIGITAL WORLD ISSUES AND CONFLICTS:

• is a pattern of excessive and prolonged Internet gaming that results in a cluster of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, including progressive loss of control over gaming, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, analogous to the symptoms of substance use disorders

• Conditions for further study (DSM-5)