REL Test 2 (Islam & Hinduism)

Despite much progress, discrimination in India against Shudras and Dalits continues becuase:

It’s very difficult to change a culture that has been ingrained for centuries and is observed by so many people.

The most central theme of Sufism is:

The individual’s love for God and God’s love for the individual.

In Islam, Muhammad is views as follows:

He was the last of the prophets, but he was otherwise an ordinary human being.

Both philosophers and theologians deal with fundamental questions of belief. However, they differ in the following way:

Theologians start with the assumption that the basic doctrines of their religion are true, while philsophers do not.

Islamic legal scholars often disliked the Sufis primarily because:

the Sufis claimed to have an intimate relatioship with God that the legal scholars did not have

Even though Kali is a violent and ferocious Hindu goddess, some Hindus worship her because:

Kali challenges us to find the presence of the divine even in dark places since they are part of life.

when modern Muslims speak about re-opening the gates of ‘ijtihad, they mean the following:

Islamic law stopped being creative in the medieval period, but it now must become creative again in order to deal with the modern world.

According to most Islamic scholars, the principle of ‘ijma or consensus refers to:

the consensus of previous Islamic legal scholars about a particular law

The term Brahmin refers to:

Someone from the highest class of Hindu society who cans serve as a priest in many Hindu rituals

What is the best definiton for the term jihad?

It means “struggle”, and it can refer to any struggle for a good cause, violent or non-violent.

In Islamic law, qiyas refers to:

making a ruling in a case on the basis of a previous similar case in Islamic law

In the Qur’an, Judaism and Christinaity are viewed as follows:

They aren’t completely false, but they are corrupted versions of the original religion that Allah gave to human beings.

The idea of karma in Hunduism means that:

The intentions of your action in this life produce consequences in this life and the next life.

In Hindu society, which has become more important in determining one’s status: varna (class) or jati (caste)?

jati has become more important

According to Muslims, the Qur’an came into existence in the following manner:

The angel Gaberiel revealed it to Muhammad in several revelations over his lifetime, and after his death the caliph Uthman organized them into a text.

In Islamic law, a hadith can be defined as follows:

an oral tradition about Muhammad’s words or deeds that serves as a source for Islamic law

Hinduism is different from the Abrahmic religions in the following way:

it has no major founding figure like Moses, Jesus, or Muhammad.

In Islam, The shahadah is important because:

It is a statement in which Muslims bear witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammmad is his prophet.

In Islam, the term tawhid means:

affirming the belief that Allah is the only God and denying any alternative.

The Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita, is about the following:

Arjuna, who is leading the Pandavas into battle agains the Kauravas, engages in a conversation with Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, about whether he should fight.

In Hinduism, a murti is a representation of a god or goddess that can take the following form:

• a statue

• a picture

• a symbolic structure such as a linga

Muslims fast during Ramadan to accomplish the following:

• to repents for their sins

• to force them to focus on spiritual matters, not physical needs,

• to highlight the idea that all human beings are equal before God

In Islam, the hijrah refers to:

the emigration of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to medinah becuase the peopel of mecca were hostile to them.

In Hindu history, the Aryans refer to:

a people that created early Hinduism in ancient India.

Mahatma Gandhi was most famous for:

leading a campaign of non-violent resistance in India against British rule.

Which of the following best describes yoga in Hinduism?

It refers to a lifestyle in which one strives to gain liberation form the cycle of reincarnation through meditation.

The following describes the eating habits of Hindus:

Some Hindus are vegetarians and some eat meat, depending on one’s region and caste

The Hindus who worship Vishnu describe Vishnu in the following way:

He is the same as Brahman, but he can also take the form of human beings who are called avatars.

In traditional Hindu society, outcastes are:

Those who belong to no caste and are therefore considered impure and polluted

How are the Vedas, the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism, viewed today?

Few hindus read them or know what’s in them, but they still see them as the source of their religion.