human sexuality exam 4

By what age have 1 in 4 and 1 in 2 people had an STI?

1 in 4 by age 18; 1 in 2 by age 25.

What are the three most common bacterial STIs?

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, NGU.

What can untreated uterine infections lead to?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).

What are vaginal gonorrhea symptoms?

Few noticeable symptoms.

What are penile gonorrhea symptoms?

Cheesy discharge, painful urination.

What STI has symptoms similar to penile gonorrhea?

NGU (Nongonococcal Urethritis).

What is the most common bacterial STI?

Chlamydia.

What are the stages of syphilis and their symptoms?

Primary: painless chancre; Secondary: rash/flu-like symptoms; Progression: no symptoms → severe illness.

What does HSV1 typically cause?

Oral herpes.

What does HSV2 typically cause?

Genital herpes.

Can HSV1 be transmitted to the genitals?

Yes, through oral contact.

What are prodromal symptoms of HSV?

Tingling or burning before an outbreak, especially on recurrence.

How are HSV and HPV transmitted?

Through skin-to-skin contact.

What are complications of high-risk HPV?

Penile, cervical, anal, and throat cancers; genital warts.

How many people with HIV are unaware they have it?

1 in 7.

What fluids can transmit HIV?

Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk.

What occurs during the primary infection period of HIV?

Negative test, high viral load, highly infectious.

What are the three main ways HIV is transmitted?

Unprotected vaginal/penile sex, unprotected anal sex, sharing needles.

How is HIV initially diagnosed?

By detecting antibodies in blood or saliva.

How long does it take to develop detectable HIV antibodies?

3–6 months.

What reduces HIV transmission risk?

PREP, reducing viral load, using condoms.

When is someone with HIV diagnosed with AIDS?

When T-cell count is 200 or less.

What is the mere exposure effect?

Attraction increases with repeated exposure to someone nearby.

What is the "Beautiful is good" hypothesis?

Attractive people are assumed to have positive traits.

Define passionate love.

Extreme absorption with strong physiological arousal.

Define companionate love.

Tolerance for flaws and appreciation of the partner.

What is fatuous love in Sternberg’s model?

Passion + commitment.

What is romantic love in Sternberg’s model?

Intimacy + passion.

What is companionate love in Sternberg’s model?

Intimacy + commitment.

What is Eros in Lee’s love styles?

Passionate love.

What is Storge in Lee’s love styles?

Friendship-based love.

What is Mania in Lee’s love styles?

Possessive, dependent love.

According to Gottman, what predicts lasting love?

Frequent positive interactions.

What is the 5:1 ratio in Gottman’s research?

5 positive interactions to 1 negative predicts lasting relationships.

Is sexual variety necessary for long-term relationships?

No; it depends on the couple.

What can help maintain sexual closeness in relationships?

Communication and planning sexual time.

What is mutual empathy?

Knowing both partners care for and value each other.

What are some ways to talk about sex with a partner?

Discuss sexual history, upbringing, and comfort levels.

What is passive listening?

Minimal responses like “uh-huh” without real engagement.

What is an example of "editing" in communication?

Focusing on the issue at hand, ignoring minor annoyances.

What is stonewalling?

Shutting down communication, e.g., walking out.

What is contempt in communication?

Sarcastic or insulting criticism with negative body language.