Economic Sectors Flashcards

Flashcards about the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors to help students review lecture notes and prepare for an upcoming exam.

Agriculture

The cultivation of land to produce food, fodder, and raw materials for industry.

Subsistence Agriculture

Agriculture where the produce is mainly consumed by the farmer and their family or local community, with little surplus for trade.

Market-Oriented Agriculture

Agriculture intended for sale in local or international markets.

Extensive Agriculture

Agriculture involving large areas with low input and low productivity per hectare.

Intensive Agriculture

Agriculture aiming for maximum productivity from limited land, often using greenhouses, drip irrigation, and advanced seed varieties.

Livestock Farming

Breeding and raising of animals to obtain food and industrial products like meat, milk, wool, and leather.

Nomadic Herding

Moving animals constantly in search of pasture.

Transhumance

Seasonal movement between fixed summer and winter pastures.

Intensive Livestock Farming

Raising animals in confined spaces with controlled feeding, veterinary care, and breeding.

Coastal Fishing

Activity providing protein where fishermen return daily.

Offshore Fishing

Fishing involving longer trips.

Deep-Sea Fishing

Fishing that can last weeks or months and often uses large factory ships.

Aquaculture

Fish farming.

Forestry

Management and harvesting of forests for products such as wood, rubber, resins, and medicinal substances.

Slash-and-burn Agriculture

Cutting and burning vegetation to clear land for short-term cultivation.

Dry Sedentary Agriculture

Farmers remain in one place, use natural manure, and rotate crops.

Monsoon Agriculture

System using flooded fields (paddies) to grow rice.

New World Agriculture

Large-scale mechanized farming.

Plantation Agriculture

Large estates producing cash crops like coffee, cocoa, or sugar cane for export.

Organic Farming

Avoids synthetic inputs and focuses on ecological balance, biodiversity, and sustainability.

Food Sovereignty

Advocating for local production and control over food systems.

Silviculture

Sustainable forest management, offering a solution by combining exploitation with reforestation.

Secondary Sector

Economic activities involved in transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished products.

Mining

Provide raw materials for industry.

Energy Production

Transforms fuels into usable power.

Construction

Creates buildings and infrastructure such as roads and bridges.

Heavy Industries

Consume a lot of energy and raw materials, such as steel and cement production.

Light Industries

Consume less energy and are easier to install, like textiles and food processing.

Basic Industries

Produce semi-finished products like steel or chemicals.

Capital Goods Industries

Manufacture machinery and equipment for other industries.

Consumer Goods Industries

Make products for direct use, such as clothes and food.

High-Technology Industries

Focus on electronics, biotechnology, and advanced manufacturing, requiring skilled workers and high R&D investment.

Tertiary Sector

All activities that provide services rather than material goods.

Servitization

Traditional industrial processes that are now part of the service economy.

Tourism

Movement of people for leisure, business, or cultural reasons.

Transport

The movement of people and goods.

Trade

The exchange of goods and services.

Wholesalers

Buy in bulk from producers and sell to retailers.

Retailers

Sell directly to consumers.

Foreign Trade

Involves imports and exports.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Reduces tariffs and trade barriers.