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Renaissance

A cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival beginning in Italy in the late 14th century that marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.

Humanism

An emphasis on the study of classical texts from Ancient Greece and Rome, focusing on human-centered subjects rather than exclusively religious themes.

Leonardo da Vinci

A polymath known for his contributions to art and science, famous for masterpieces like the 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper'.

Michelangelo

A master sculptor and painter renowned for conveying human emotion, known for works like the marble sculpture of David and the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes.

Erasmus

A Dutch humanist and theologian who promoted education and moral reform, advocating for the study of the Bible in vernacular languages.

Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century aimed at reforming the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of Protestantism.

Martin Luther

A German monk who initiated the Reformation by posting the Ninety-Five Theses, challenging the Church's practices.

John Calvin

A French theologian known for his teachings on God's sovereignty and predestination, pivotal in the development of Calvinism.

Henry VIII

The King of England who established the Church of England after breaking away from the Catholic Church.

Justification by faith

The doctrine that faith alone is sufficient for salvation, central to Protestant belief.

Authority of Scripture

The principle that the Bible is the sole authority for Christians, fundamental for guiding faith and practices.

Priesthood of all believers

The belief that individuals have direct access to God without the need for priests as intermediaries.