Herpetology Lecture Exam 1

Ball State, Dr. Foster

Buccal Pump of Frogs step 1

Pump throat w/ glottis closed and nares open to flush out oral cavity.

Buccal Pump of Frogs step 2

Floor of oropharynx depresses w/ glottis closed and nares open to create vaccum and pull air in through nares.

Buccal Pump of Frogs step 3

Thorax compresses w/ glottis and nares open to force air out

Buccal Pump of Frogs step 4

Floor of oropharynx elevates w/ mares closed and glottis open to push air into lung

Poikilotherm

variable body temperature from external sources

Ectotherm

environment determines body temperature

Homeotherm

Stable body temperature regardless of external sources.

Endotherm

maintain constant body temp through internal processes

Describe 5 distinct ways in which temperature can affect behavior and/or performance in herps.

• Biting at cold, Running at warm

• Basking behavior

• Adapting to thermoregulation

• Hibernation

• Estivation

Anhomeostasis

water balance strategy of the desert tortoise

What are three ways that amphibians or reptiles can regulate their water level:

Behaviors, secretions, morphological

external intercostals

muscles which contract to cause inhalation during breathing in lizards

Cocoon

strategy to reduce evaporative water loss in Siren

Water absorption patch

structure involved in water gain in frogs

amphibian order with only internal fertilization

Apoda

intromittent organ in squamates

hemipenes

amphibian order whose young may be adelphophagous

Salamandra

lecithotrophy

deriving nutrients by feeding on yolk

paedomorphism

retention of juvenile characteristics

ancestral fish lineage to all tetrapods

sarcopterygii

an adaptation of frogs

urostyle

most abundant amphibian order

Anura

List the 6 primary costs of reproduction:

gamete production

Mating

Nutrition for eggs

carrying eggs

brooding behavior

parental care

Would you describe salamanders as being an r or a k reproductive strategy?  Why?

R strategy because they produce a large number of young.

Turtle breathing

Inhale: obliques abdominis and serratus contract

Exhale: Transversus abdominis pulls posterior limiting membrane up against lung

Crocodile breathing

Inhale: external intercostal muscles contract ribs and pulls liver caudally

Exhale: Rib cage relaxes and transverse abdominal muscles constrict abdomen. pleural cavity creates positive pressure.