DT test vocab 3 & 4

Aesthetic models

A model developed to look and feel like the final product.

Animation

The ability to link graphic screens together in such a way as to

simulate motion or a process.

Bottom-up
modelling

A designer creates part geometry independent of the assembly or any
other component. Although there are often some design criteria
established before modelling the part, this information is not shared
between models. Once all parts are completed, they are brought
together for the first time in the assembly.

Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

The use of computers to aid the design process.

Conceptual modelling

A model that exists in the mind used to help us know and understand
ideas.

Data Modelling

A model that determines the structure of data.

Digital human

Computer simulation of a variety of mechanical and biological aspects

of the human body.

Fidelity

The degree to which a prototype is exactly like the final product.

Finite element
analysis (FEA)

The calculation and simulation of unknown factors in products using
CAD systems. For example, simulating the stresses within a welded car
part.

Formal drawing
techniques

A type of drawing technique that has fixed rules, the most widely used
being isometric projection and perspective drawing.

Fused deposition
modelling (FDM)

A 3D printing technique that places melted layers of material on a bed
to build up a 3D model.

Graphical models

A visualization of an idea, often created on paper or through software,

in two or three dimensions.

Haptic technology

Haptic technology is an emerging technology that interfaces the user

via the sense of touch.

Instrumented
models

Prototypes that are equipped with the ability to take measurements
to provide accurate quantitative feedback for analysis.

Laminated object
manufacturing
(LOM)

A system that virtually slices a 3D CAD model into thin layers, then
cuts out each layer from a roll of material using a laser or plotter
cutter. The layers can then be glued in the correct order to create a 3D
model.

Mock-ups

A scale or full-size representation of a product used to gain feedback

from users.

Motion capture

The recording of human and animal movement by any means, for
example, by video, magnetic or electro-mechanical devices.

Part drawings

Orthographic drawings of the components of an assembly containing

details just about that component.

Perspective

A set of formal drawing techniques that depicts an object as getting
smaller and closer together the further away they are. The techniques

drawings

are one-point perspective, two-point perspective, and three-point

perspective.

Physical modelling

The creation of a smaller or larger tangible version of an object that

can be physically interacted with.

Projection drawings

Systems of drawings that are accurately drawn, the two main types
are isometric projection (formal drawing technique) and orthographic
projection (working drawing technique).

Prototypes

A sample or model built to test a concept or process, or to act as an
object to be replicated or learned from. Prototypes can be developed
at a range of fidelity and for different contexts.

Scale drawings

Drawings that are bigger or smaller than the real product, but exactly

in proportion with product.

Scale models

A model that is either a smaller or larger physical copy of an object.

Selective laser
sintering (SLS)

An additive manufacturing technique that uses a laser to fuse small
particles of material into a mass that has a desired 3D shape.

Sketches

Rough drawings of ideas used to convey or refine the idea.

Solid modelling

Solid models are clear representations of the final part. They provide a

complete set of data for the product to be realized.

Stereo-lithography

A modelling technique that creates 3D models layer-by-layer by
hardening molecules of a liquid polymer using a laser beam.

Surface modelling

A realistic picture of the final model, offering some machining data.
Surface models contain no data about the interior of the part.

Top-down
modelling

“Top down” design is a product development process obtained
through 3D, parametric and associative CAD systems. The main
feature of this new method is that the design originates as a concept
and gradually evolves into a complete product consisting of
components and sub-assemblies.

Virtual
prototyping

Photorealistic CAD-based interactive models that use surface and
solid modelling. They can be considered 'digital mock-ups'.

Virtual reality (VR)

The ability to simulate a real situation on the screen and interact with

it in a near-natural way.

Working drawings

Drawings that are used to guide the production of a product, most
commonly orthographical projection, section drawings, part
drawings, assembly drawings and plan drawings.

Assembly line
production

A volume production process where products and components are
moved continuously along a conveyor. As the product goes from
one work station to another, components are added until the final
product is assembled.

Automated
production

A volume production process involving machines controlled by
computers

Computer
numerical control
(CNC)

Refers specifically to the computer control of machines for the
purpose of manufacturing complex parts in metals and other
materials. Machines are controlled by a program commonly called a
“G code”. Each code is assigned to a particular operation or process.
The codes control X, Y, Z movements and feed speeds.

Continuous flow

A production method used to manufacture, produce or process

materials without interruption.

Craft production

A small-scale production process centred on manual skills.

Design for assembly

Designing taking account of assembly at various levels, for example,
component to component, components into sub-assemblies and
subassemblies into complete products.

Design for
manufacture

Designers design specifically for optimum use of existing
manufacturing capability.

Laminated object
manufacture (LOM)

A rapid prototyping systems that creates a 3D product by
converting it into slices, cutting the slices out and joining the slices
together.