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Renaissance
Cultural, intellectual, and artistic movement from the 14th to the 17th century.
Cultural Revival
Renewed interest in classical knowledge, art, and literature.
Trade and Wealth
Economic prosperity fueled by trade and commerce.
Patronage
Support from wealthy sponsors for artists and thinkers.
Florence, Italy
Birthplace of the Renaissance with a flourishing artistic and intellectual community.
Reformation
Religious movement initiated by Martin Luther in the 16th century.
Martin Luther
German monk and theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation.
Critique of Catholic Church practices
Martin Luther's opposition to practices such as the sale of indulgences.
John Calvin
Theologian known for Calvinist beliefs summarized by the acronym TULIP.
Henry VIII
King of England who established the Church of England.
Council of Trent
Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, addressing doctrinal issues and corruption.
Index of Forbidden Books
List of prohibited books by the Catholic Church.
Inquisition
Church-led investigations to combat heresy.
Wars of Religion
Conflicts between Catholic and Protestant factions.
Age of Exploration
Period of exploration and colonization starting in the late 15th century.
Trade Routes
Seeking new routes to Asia for spices and goods.
Wealth and Fame
Motivations for explorers and nations during the Age of Exploration.
Christopher Columbus
Key explorer during the Age of Exploration.
Da Vinci
Renowned artist, scientist, and inventor of the Renaissance.
Machiavelli
Political philosopher and author of "The Prince."
Galileo
Astronomer, physicist, and mathematician of the Renaissance.
Petrarch
Italian scholar and poet, key figure in the humanist movement.
Thomas More
English statesman and author of "Utopia."
Louis XIV
King of France from 1643-1715, epitome of absolute monarchy.
Palace of Versailles
Symbol of Louis XIV's centralized power and cultural flourishing.
