Ch. 9 Joints (Articulations or Arthroses)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to joints, their classifications, structures, and examples from the lecture notes.

Joint

Point of contact between bones, cartilage, or teeth and bone.

Fibrous joint

Structural class joined by dense fibrous connective tissue; tight and often immovable.

Cartilaginous joint

Structural class united by fibrocartilage; cushions movement.

Synovial joint

Structural class with a joint cavity, synovial membranes, and synovial fluid; allows movement.

Synarthrosis

Functional class of immovable joints (e.g., sutures, gomphoses, synchondroses).

Amphiarthrosis

Functional class of slightly movable joints (e.g., syndesmoses, symphyses).

Diarthrosis

Functional class of freely movable joints (synovial joints).

Suture

Fibrous joint between skull bones.

Gomphosis

Tooth–bone joint.

Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint where bones are joined by ligaments; more movement than sutures.

Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint with a fibrocartilage pad; slightly movable.

Planar (gliding) joint

Nonaxial joint allowing gliding movements (e.g., sternoclavicular).

Hinge joint

Uniaxial joint permitting flexion/extension (e.g., humero-ulnar).

Pivot joint

Uniaxial joint permitting rotation around a central axis (e.g., proximal radioulnar).

Ball-and-socket joint

Triaxial joint permitting flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Saddle joint

Biaxial joint permitting flexion/extension and abduction/adduction (e.g., carpo-metacarpal of thumb).

Ellipsoidal (condyloid) joint

Biaxial joint permitting flexion/extension and abduction/adduction (e.g., radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal).

Axis

Straight line around which a bone rotates or slides.

Nonaxial

Movement without rotation; gliding movements only.

Uniaxial

Movement in one plane.

Biaxial

Movement in two planes.

Triaxial

Movement in three planes (e.g., ball-and-socket joints).

Ligament

Fibrous band connecting bone to bone.

Tendon

Cord-like tissue attaching muscle to bone.

Aponeurosis

Flat sheet of connective tissue attaching muscle to other structures.

Bursa

Fluid-filled sac that cushions joints.

Synovial lining

Membrane lining the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid

Lubricant in the joint cavity reducing friction.

Periosteum

Fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering bone ends in synovial joints.

Articular capsule

Double-layer capsule enclosing the joint (fibrous outer layer and synovial inner lining).

Joint cavity

Space inside the joint capsule containing synovial fluid.

Epiphyseal plate

Growth plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis in long bones.

Glenoid labrum

Cartilaginous rim that deepens the glenoid cavity of the shoulder.

Coracohumeral ligament

Ligament reinforcing the shoulder joint; part of the glenohumeral complex.

Glenohumeral ligaments

Three ligaments that reinforce the shoulder; relatively weak.

Transverse humeral ligament

Ligament spanning the bicipital groove over the humerus.

Acromioclavicular joint

Joint between the acromion and clavicle.

Acromioclavicular ligament

Ligament stabilizing the AC joint.

Coracoacromial ligament

Ligament from coracoid to acromion preventing superior displacement.

Coracoclavicular ligament

Ligaments (conoid and trapezoid parts) connecting clavicle to coracoid.