DP Chemistry Unit 10 Organic chem: Part 1

alcohol functional group

hydroxyl group (-OH)

aldehyde/ketone functional group

carbonyl group (C=O)

carboxylic acid functional group

carboxyl (COOH)

Benzene ring attached to a parent compound

phenyl group (-C6H5)

amide functional group

-CONH2

amine functional group

R-NH2

ether functional group

alkoxy (R-O-R')

empirical formula

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Full structural formula

Shows all of the bonds between the atoms of a molecule.

condensed structural formula

structural molecular formula showing the general arrangement of atoms but without showing all the covalent bonds

skeletal formula

the simplified organic formula, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

molecular formula

A chemical formula that shows the number and type of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms.

functional groups

chemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give compounds their characteristic physical and chemical properties

ester functional group

RCOOR

halogeno functional group

R-X

saturated molecule

A molecule that only has single carbon-carbon bonds.

unsaturated molecule

contains at least one double or triple bond

homologous series

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group, same general formula but with each successive member differing by CH2

structural isomers

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different connectivites

methylbutane

an isomer of pentane

propan-2-ol

a secondary alcohol with 3 carbons

methanoic acid

the smallest carboxylic acid

ethanal

an aldehyde with 2 carbons

propanone

the smallest ketone