Med Comp Week 4 - Liver, GI, CKD, and STDs

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Hepatitis, Liver Disease, GI disorders, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases based on Classroom Worksheets.

According to Chapter 10, which Hepatitis virus has a DNA genome?

$$Hep B$$

Which two types of Hepatitis are transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

$Hep A$ and $Hep E$

According to OSHA, what must employers provide regarding the Hepatitis B vaccine?

Employers are required to offer the $Hepatitis B$ vaccine free to employees.

Why is reducing the administration of epinephrine and Tylenol required for patients with Hepatitis?

Because many drugs are metabolized in the liver, and these patients have compromised liver function.

Why is abnormal bleeding possible in a patient with a diseased liver?

Due to a lack of $Vitamin K$ storage in the diseased liver.

What is the post-exposure protocol for a vaccinated health care worker exposed to a known HBV carrier if their titer levels are inadequate?

They should receive an injection of $HBIG$ (hepatitis B immunoglobulin) and a vaccine booster within $2$ hours.

In the event of Hepatitis C exposure, when should retesting for antibodies and liver enzyme levels occur?

At $6$ months following the initial baseline testing.

What are the two main causes of liver cirrhosis?

$Hepatitis$ and $Alcoholic Liver Disease$

Is alcoholic fatty liver disease considered a reversible or non-reversible condition?

Reversible

What is the definition of cirrhosis as stated in Chapter 10?

The result of long-term damage to the liver tissue, leading to fibrosis and liver damage.

What are five clinical presentations of liver disease listed in the notes?

Hemorrhage from esophageal varices, spider angiomas, jaundice, ascites, and hypertrophy of the parotid glands.

What is a peptic ulcer defined as in Chapter 11?

A well-defined break in the mucosa of at least $0.5\,mm$ in the stomach and/or duodenum.

What substances should patients with peptic ulcers be educated to avoid?

NSAIDs, aspirin, aspirin-containing compounds, stress, alcohol, and tobacco.

What are the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mentioned?

$Ulcerative colitis$ and $Crohn’s disease$

Which GI disease is characterized by 'skip lesions' and a transmural process?

$$Crohn’s disease$$

What is the common cause of Pseudomembranous Colitis?

Overgrowth of $C. difficile$ in the large colon, most commonly due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

How is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) defined?

An irreversible loss of kidney function present for $3$ months or more.

What is the most common cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and its percentage frequency?

$Diabetes$ ($44\%$)

Why should the arm containing an arteriovenous shunt not be used for blood pressure readings in dialysis patients?

Because it may collapse the shunt, rendering it unusable.

When is the ideal time to provide dental treatment for a patient undergoing hemodialysis?

The day after dialysis.

What is the cause and common clinical appearance of Gonorrhea?

Caused by $Neisseria gonorrhea$; appears as oropharyngeal infection, red tiny pustules, and lymphadenopathy.

What is the characteristic round lesion at the site of inoculation for Syphilis?

A $Chancre$

How long should routine dental treatment be delayed for a patient with Mononucleosis?

$4$ weeks, until the patient has recovered from the infection.

Which types of HPV are considered high risk for cancer?

$HPV 16$ & $18$