LONG ANSWER 4

PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN OPIATE TOLERANCE AND ADDICTION.

WHAT WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS DO OPIATE ADDICTS DISPLAY WHEN THEY GO “COLD TURKER”?

3 EFFECTS OF HEROIN SYMPTOMS/ 3 EFFECTS OF HEROIN WITHDARWAL SYMPTOMS: 

HOW ARE THESE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO THE INITIAL EFFECT OF THE DRUG?

INITIAL--------------------------------------------WITHDRAWAL

a.     Hyperthermia                                                hypothermia

b.     Decrease blood pressure                                increased blood pressure

c.     Relaxation                                                     Restlessness

d.     Skin flushed and warm                                  Chilliness and gooseflesh

e.     Respiratory depression                                  Yawning and panting

f.      Miosis (pin point pupils)                               Mydriasis

g.     Constipation                                                  Lacrimination

h.     Antitussive                                                    Sneezing

A HEROIN ADDICT GOES INTO SEVERE WITHDRAWAL AFTER SEEING THE DEALER’S DOOR, WHICH HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG-SEEKING AND ADMINISTRATION.

 

 

THE RELATIONSHIP IS THAT BODY’S REACTION IS MEANT TO COUNTER ACT THE EFFECT OF THE DRUG. COMBINATION OF INITIAL EFFECT OF THE DRUG AND SYMPTOMS RESULTS IN THE BODY TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS.

DESCRIBE IN DETAIL AN EXPERIMENT FROM SIEGEL’S LAB THAT DEMONSTRATES THAT CONTEXTUAL CSs PAIRED WITH DRUG ADMINISTRATION EVOKE CONDITIONED TOLERANCE AS A CR:

-       CONDITIONED RATS TO BE ADDICTED TO HEROIN BY GIVING THEM HEROIN IN THEIR OWN HOME CAGE AND SALINE SOLUTION IN A DISCTINCTIVE ROOM.

-       GAVE ANOTHER GROUP OF RAT HEROIN IN A DISTINCTIVE ROOM AND SALINE SOLUTION IN THEIR HOME CAGE, AND A CONTROL GROUP OF RATS THAT GOT SALINE IN BOTH ROOMS.

-       AFTER THE RATS HAD BEEN CONDITIONED OBER MANY TRIALS, SIEGEL THEN GAVE THE RATS AN EXTRA DOSE OF HEROIN.

-       SOME RATS RECEIVED THIS DOSE ON THE SAME ROOM WHERE THEY WERE CONDITIONED IN, AND OTHERS DID NOT.

-       RATS GIVEN LARGE DOSE OF HEROIN IN THE SAME ROOM THEY WERE CONDITIONED IN HAD A BETTER CHANCE OF SURVIVAL THAN THOSE WHO RECEIVED THE DOSE IN DIFFERENT ROOM (MOST OF THEM DIED).

-       ALL CONTROL RATS NEARLY DIED.

ACCORDING TO THE CONDITIONED OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY, WHAT DOES THE CONTEXTUAL CS TRIGGER, THE a-process OR THE b-process?

-       THIS SHOWS THAT CONTEXT IS IMPORTANT IN REGARD TO DRUG ADDICTS AND DRUG-USE.  ACCORDING TO THE OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY, THE CONTEXTUAL CS TRIGGERS THE B-PROCESS.

EXPLAIN HOW THE ABSENCE OF CONDITIONED TOLERANCE MIGHT CAUSE AN OVERDOSE DEATH.

-       TOLERANCE IS DEVELOPED THE MORE YOU HEROIN ONE TAKES.

-       FIRST SMALL DOSE= EXTREME EUPHORIA

-       LARGER DOSE= DECREASE IN EUPHORIA, CYCLCE CONTINUES= COMPENSATORY RESPONSE.

-       HEROIN ADDICT IN THE WRONG ENVIRONMENT EXPECTING THE HEROIN IN PREPERATION FOR THEIR BODY IF GIVEN DOSE WILL DIE.

HOW DOES SEIGEL’S THEORY EXPLAIN THE UNUSUALLY LOW LEVELS OF RELAPSE TO ADDICTION AMERICAN SOLDIERS RETURNING FROM VIETNAM WITH A HEROIN DRUG HABIT?

-       A HEROIN ADDICT WILL EXPERIENCE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS DEPENDENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT THEY INITIALLY DID HEROIN.

-       SOLDIERS WHO WERE HEROIN ADDICTS NEVER EXPERIENCED WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS EVEN WHEN THEY RETURN HOME.

-       WHEN THEY GOT BACK TO THE BATTLE FIENLD, THEY EXPERIENCE SEVERE WITHDRAWAL DUE TO THE ENVIRONMENT.