Anatomy Final Cardiac Output/Heart Rate/ Stroke Volume

What is Cardiac Output?

measurment of the amount of blood pumpled by each ventricle in one minute

What is Stroke Volume?

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle

What is the formula to calculate cardiac output? 

CO=SV X HR 

How can stroke volume be affected? 

Preload, contractility, end diastolic volume 

What is preload?

the degree of stretching during ventricular diastole- basically returning relaxation

What is the Frank Starling Law of Heart?

Relationship between the amount of strech and contraction force- how much the heart streches affects how it compresses and contracts

What is contractility? 

the amount of force in a cardiac contraction 

What is End Diastolic Volume?

The amount of blood that remains in each ventricle after ventricular diastole

What is end diastolic volume affected by?

the length of time of ventricular diastole and venous return (rate of blood flow)

What is afterload? 

the amount of tension the contracting ventricle must produce to force open the semilunar valves 

Tachycardia

fast heart rate

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate

Parasympthatic NS

the regulation of regular heartbeat (which communicates with the SA node)

Sympathetic NS

fight/flight increases heart rate and contractitliy for example when u exersise

Atrial Reflex/ Bambridge reflex

bodies way of adjusting your heart rate when there is more blood returning to the heart- basically is a system that tells the brain to make the heart beat faster when their is more blood in order for the right atrium to have a easier time with contracting. 

Which specific hormones affect heart rate?

thyroid, insulin, testorone, estrogen, and adrenaline

Why is it important for the heart to manager Ionic balance?

In order for the heart to remain in homestasis especially with the calcium and potassium ions.

What is potassiums affect on the heart? 

hearts resting potential and replorization

What is calciums affect on the heart?

Impacts muscle contraction, which affects how much the heart has to beat.

Why is temperature increase important when it comes to heartbeat? 

an increase in temp causes a increase in heart beat- about 10 more beats per min and causes a greater risk to stroke.