APGOV Foundational Documents

3 sections of the Declaration of Independence

preamble, list of grievances, resolution for independence

life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

3 rights in the Declaration of Independence

natural rights

to protect [blank], people create governments (Declaration of Independence)

consent of the governed

governments get their power for the [blank] (Declaration of Independence)

Overthrow the government

Whenever any form of the government breaks the social contract, the people should [blank] (Declaration of Independence)

protect the liberty of the citizens against the tyranny of factions

main idea of federalist 10

faction

group of citizens whose goal is to dominate the government so they can impose their own interests on society

in a [blank], the [blank] voice will always win, which means there is no protection for [blank]

stop factions from forming, limiting their effect/power

2 solutions to factions (Federalist 10)

liberty feeds factions, and liberty can’t be destroyed

why is stopping factions from forming a terrible idea

republican-style government

which way does madison propose to limit factions effects and powers (federalist 10)

more factions form and so they will compete and cancel each other out or be forced to compromise

why does madison say that a large-republic is the best solution (federalist 10)

convince the public not the ratify the Constitution

main idea in brutus 1

confederacy of state government, or powerful central government?

argument/question in brutus 1

supremacy and necessary and proper

which clauses does brutus 1 not like

governments can only collect a small amount of taxes; so how will states be able to if the federal government is already?

why does brutus 1 not like the collection of taxes?

Representatives cannot possibly represent everyone in a territory as large as the US

what is brutus 1 argument against a large republic?

state government

articles of confederation placed most of the power in the hands of the

1, legislative

articles of confederation has how many branches?

each state is equal

how were states represented in the articles of confederation?

no

could congress raise a national army under the articles of confederation?

9/13

how many states have to agree if congress wants to declare war under the articles of confederation?

13/13

how many states have to agree if the articles of confederation were to be amended?

separation of powers, checks and balances

main idea of federalist 51

separation of powers, checks and balances

Federalist 51 solution to create a government that is powerful but not too powerful

independent, equal

each branch needs to have [blank] but [blank] power

divide the branch into 2

what does federalist 51 say about Congress

divided between the branches, further divided between state and national governments

what does federalist 51 say about the division of power?

need for a single executive

main idea of federalist 70

energy (quickness)

federalist 70’s most important characteristic of a good government

less energy

federalist 70 says the more executives you have, the [blank][blank] you have in office

fight for power if more than one, energy, easy to assume blame

federalist 70 why there should only be one executive (3 reasons)

judicial branch

main idea of federalist 78

federal judges are appointed by the president, and they should serve for life during good behavior

main argument about judicial branch in federalist 78

Judges don’t have to worry about re-election, so they can focus on what they need to focus on

why should justices serve for life according to federalist 78

people’s

granting the judicial branch doesn’t give the judicial branch more power, it makes the [blank] power bigger

14th amendment equal protection clause

mlk’s letter from birmingham jail was mainly about which constitutional principle

nonviolent

mlk’s approach to protesting was

a crisis raises the stakes

meaningful negotiation will never occur unless

being patient and waiting would never work

freedom is never voluntarily given by the opresser so

mlk argues that the white clergyman were more concerned with [blank] than with [blank]