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The Mountains located along the western edge of South America are the

Andes Mountains

Parallel Mountain Ranges are

Cordilleras

Latin America includes

Middle America, The Caribbean, and South America

The five vertical climate zones are determined by

elevation

Shifting winds and cold Peru ocean currents have combined to create the

Atacama Desert

The pampas consist primarily of

grasslands

What is the Western Hemispheres longest River?

The Amazon River

Located in the Andes, Lake Titicaca is

the worlds highest navigable lake

The Amazon Basin contains the world's largest

rainforest

The Rio Grande forms part of the border between

Mexico and the United States

Mosaics are pictures and designs made by

the Aztecs, out of tiles, glass, wood, or stone

The Europeans who claimed parts of the Americas for Spain were called

conquistadors

When did most Latin American Countries gain independence?

1800's

The Colombian exchange involved

plants, animals, and the transmission of infectious disease

The Native American empires of Latin America were

the Maya, Aztec, and Inca

Aztec farmers grew maize and beans on

large, floating islands called chinampas

Which statement is true about South America's population?

The greatest concentration of people is in the coastal areas

When did the Maya dominate southern Mexico and northern Central America?

250 A.D. - 900 A.D.

African Americans came to the Caribbean as

enslaved workers brought by the Europeans

Where was the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan located?

modern day Mexico City

Most present day descendants of the Maya live in

villages in Southern Mexico and Central America

What natural resource attracted Spanish Settlers to Hispaniola?

Gold

About what percentage of Mexico's population is urban?

71%

Which country is most densely populated in South America?

Ecuador

What city in Brazil is home to one of the largest Carnival festivals?

Rio de Janeiro

What percentage of the US population is Latino?

13%

Which Caribbean islands have political links to the United States?

Puerto Rico and some Virgin Islands

Which religion is prevalent in Central America?

Roman Catholic

In some Latin American countries, growing cities have absorbed surrounding cities and suburbs to create

Megacities

Major challenges of Latin America megacities include

housing, employment, maintaining infrastructure, and crime

Minifundia are farms that

are farmed mostly for subsistence

Reforestation means

planting new trees in the land that has been stripped

Due to leaching, slash and burned farmland loses its fertility

within one or two years

Many rural immigrants in Latin America are forced to live in \_______ when they reach the city

shantytowns

Farmers in the Amazon Basin clear the land using a technique called \________ in which all plants are cut down and set on fire

slash and burn agriculture

According to the Mexican government, NAFTA has

boosted exports, increased international trade, and created new jobs

NAFTA reduced trade restrictions among which countries?

Mexico, the US, and Canada

Tropical climates and fertile soil make \____ & \_____ the world's leading producers of sugarcane

Brazil and Cuba

Service industries, such as banking communications, retail sales,

have increased in Latin America in recent decades

What are latifundia?

large, mechanized farms

Roads in latin america are often constructed over what geographic features?

rugged mountains, dense rain forests, and arid deserts

Many latin american countries depend on \____ to supply a major portion of their incomes.

Agriculture

Tourism has long been crucial to the economies in

the Caribbean

What are the Mayan Ruins?

Ruins of the Mayan civilization located in Tikal, Guatemala (located in the jungle, or around trees)

What is Machu Pichu?

Incan Ruins located in Peru

What are the Aztec ruins?

Ruins of the Aztec civilization (in areas with no trees or jungle)

What does middle america consist of?

Mexico and Central America

Primary Sector

extracts or harvests products from the earth. includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activities associated include agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying

Tertiary Sector

all service industries. This sector provides services to the general population and to businesses. Activities associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation and distribution, entertainment (movies, television, radio, music, theater, etc.), restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, healthcare, and law.

llanos

grasslands in venezuela

pampas

grasslands in Argentina