Medical Terminology & Intro Body Systems Chapter 1-3

arthr/o

joint

cyst/o

urinary bladder

encephal/o

brain

aden/o

gland

cyt/o

cell

carcin/o

cancer

-gram

record

-itis

inflammation

-opsy

to view

-oma

tumor

-scopy

process of visual examination

-logy

study of

cerebral

pertaining to the cerebrum

electrocardiogram

record of the electricity in the heart

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

cephalic

pertaining to the head

red blood cell

erythrocyte

mass of blood

hematoma

white blood cell

leukocyte

pain of nerves:

neuralgia

nephrectomy

removal of the kidney

osteotomy

incision of a bone

oncology

study of cancerous tumors

renal

pertaining to the kidney

psychosis

abnormal condition of the mind

carcinogenic

pertaining to producing cancer

hyper-

excessive;above

peri-

surrounding

epi-

above

trans-

across;through

hypo-

below;deficient

dia-

through;complete

subhepatic

pertaining to below the liver

hyperglycemia

excessive blood sugar

pericardium

membrane surrounding the heart

resection

process of cutting back (removal)

prognosis

prediction about the outcome of treatment

hypodermic

pertaining to under the skin

kidney

ren/o

disease

path/o

eye

ophthalm/o

nose

rhin/o

flesh

sarc/o

bone

oste/o

mind

psych/o

tumor

onc/o

clotting

thromb/o

urinary tract

ur/o

x-rays

radi/o

to cut

sect/o

nucleus

Control center of the cell, containing chromosomes

anabolism

The process of building up proteins in a cell

metabolism

The total of the chemical processes in a cell

histologist

A scientist who studies tissues

genes

Regions of DNA within a chromosome

Throat

pharynx

Collection of fat cells 

adipose tissue

Windpipe 

trachea

Tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder

ureter

Voice box 

larynx

Membrane surrounding the lungs 

pleura

Flexible connective tissue at joints 

cartilage

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

urethra

cranial

Cavity surrounded by the skull

thoracic

Cavity in the chest surrounded by ribs

pelvic

Cavity surrounded by the hip bone

spinal

Cavity surrounded by the backbones

abdominal

Cavity below the chest containing digestive organs

Cervical

Region of the neck

Thoracic

Region of the chest

Lumbar

Region of the waist

sacral

Region of the sacrum

coccygeal

Region of the tailbone

Deep

Superficial

Proximal

Distal

Supine

Prone

Dorsal

Ventral (anterior)

The left lung lies _______ to the heart.

lateral

The ___________ end of the humerus is at the shoulder.

proximal

The liver lies ____________ to the intestines.

superior

A backbone is called a (an)______________.

vertebra

The ________ end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the kneecap.

distal

The ____________ plane divides the body into upper and lower portions.

transverse

The __________ plane divides the body into right and left portions.

sagittal

The diaphragm lies _____________ to the organs in the thoracic cavity.

inferior (caudal)

Craniotomy

incision of the skull

Epigastric

pertaining to above the stomach

Chondroma

tumor of cartilage

Umbilical

pertaining to the navel

Posterior

pertaining to the back, behind

Intervertebral

pertaining to between the vertebrae

mediastinum

Space between the lungs

pituitary

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

mitochondria

Sausage-shaped cellular structures in which catabolism takes place

epithelial

Pertaining to skin (surface) cells

sarcoma

Tumor of flesh tissue (malignant)

visceral

Pertaining to internal organs

karyotype

Picture of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus

RUQ

right upper quadrant (of the abdomen)

L5-S1

between the 5th lumbar and the 1st sacral vertebrae