Esters and Esterification

what happens in esterification?

Is when a carboxylic acid reacts with a primary/secondary alcohol to produce an ester and water

What are the 2 conditions for esterification to happen?

Need an acid catalyst (e.g phosphoric acid)

Heat under reflux

What does heating under reflux mean?

Heating the reaction mixture at a constant temperature for a long time, and condensing any vapors being produced

Explain why phosphoric acid is used in esterification

To be a catalyst

Name this ester according to IUCPAC rules

Ethylbutanoate

What are the steps to naming an ester?

1. Name alcohol first

2. Then count the carbons in the longest carbon chain

Name this ester

MethylEthanoate

What is the suffix for esters?

-oate

What happens when water is added to an ester (methylethanoate) ?

Hydrolysis occurs

And a carboxylic acid and an alcohol is produced

(Ethanoic acid and Methanol)

What happens when an alkaline (e.g SodiumHydroxide) is added to an Ester?

A salt and acid is produced

Give structural formulas for the product/s produced in the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid. And state the type of reaction it is

give the reagents and conditions to produce ethanoic acid from ethene

Addition- from ethene to ethanol

Steam and an acid catalyst (sufuric or phophoric acid)

Reflux- from ethanol to ethanoic acid

excess acidified potassium dichromate

What is the name of the carboxylic acid used to create Methyl ethanoate?

What is the name of the alcohol used to create it?

ethanoic acid and methanol

Name this compound

ethyl butanoate

name this compound

propyl 2-methyl propanoate

name this compound

methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate

give the equation in skeletal form of the Base hydrolyisis of methyl ethyl ethanoate

give the equation in skeletal form of the acid hydrolysis of methyl propanoate

give one similarity and 2 differences of acid base hydrolyis and base hydrolysis of esters

both produce an alcohol

acid base hydrolysis produces a carboxylic acid

base hydrolysis produces a carboxylate salt

Acid hydrolysis is a reversible reaction

Base hydrolysis is irreversible

Acid hydrolysis needs a Acid catalyst

Base hydrolysis needs base e.g NaOH

Give the reactants and products and the reagents and conditions needed in Acid hydrolysis of Esters

ester+water → carboxylic acid + alcohol

need an acid catalyst

Give the reactants and products and the reagents and conditions needed in Base hydrolysis of Esters

ester+NaOH (aq) → carboxylate salt + alcohol

Give the displayed formula of the products in the base hydrolysis of Glycerol

Give one use of sodium carboxylate salts

why are they used to make it

making Soap (Saponification)

because they are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

attracted to fats and water, able to emulsify fats- Saponification

explain what type of resction Biodiesel is created and what it’s created from

transesterification using triglycerides and methanol

What are the reagents and conditions needed for transesterification of Biodiesel

Catalyst-Base catalysts-Hydroxides

vigorous mixing

tryglycerides

alcohol (excess)

Heated

Base hydrolysis is more common for the transesterfication process in industry, than acid hydrolysis. Suggest why.

It doesn't produce corrosive acidic fumes

define Biodiesel

a mixture of methyl esters

In ester hydrolysis which bond breaks?

the C-O single bond

55%

how do you name a carboxylate salt?

metal+alkan+ oate

e.g sodium methanoate

ethyl propanoate