Poultry Nutrition

Feed additives

Substances added to feed for specific functions.

Nutritional needs

Essential dietary requirements for poultry health.

Egg production impact

Influence of laying on nutritional requirements.

Growth rates effect

Nutritional adjustments based on growth speed.

Feed cost

70% of total poultry production expenses.

Dietary enzymes

Substances enhancing feed efficiency and nutrient absorption.

Phytases

Enzymes that increase phosphorus availability from phytate.

Proteases

Enzymes improving protein digestibility in poultry.

Carbohydrases

Enzymes that enhance carbohydrate digestion.

Non-starch polysaccharides

Fibers affecting nutrient digestibility in poultry.

Feed conversion ratio (FCR)

Measure of feed efficiency in weight gain.

Phytate

Organic form of phosphorus, poorly digestible by poultry.

Exogenous enzymes

Enzymes added to diets for improved digestion.

Super dosing

High levels of phytase for enhanced nutrient release.

Viscous gels

Thick substances formed by soluble NSPs in gut.

Gut irritation

Discomfort caused by dietary components affecting digestion.

Nutrient bioavailability

Accessibility of nutrients for absorption by animals.

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins essential for growth.

Mortality increase

Higher death rates due to inadequate phosphorus.

Endogenous losses

Nutrient losses from the animal's own metabolism.

Water holding capacity

Ability of NSPs to retain water in the gut.

Microbial growth

Increase in gut bacteria due to poor digestion.

Maintenance costs

Expenses related to sustaining animal health.

Nutritional needs

Requirements for optimal growth and production.

Egg production impact

Influences nutritional requirements in laying hens.

Growth rates effect

Affects nutritional needs based on growth speed.

Feed cost

Feed constitutes 70% of poultry production expenses.

Exogenous enzymes

External enzymes improving digestion and growth.

Phytases

Enzymes degrading phytate, increasing phosphorus availability.

Proteases

Enzymes enhancing protein digestibility in feeds.

Carbohydrases

Enzymes improving carbohydrate digestion and nutrient uptake.

Phosphorus (P)

Essential mineral for growth and performance.

Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs)

Fibers affecting digestion and nutrient availability.

Viscous gels

Formed by soluble NSPs, hindering nutrient absorption.

Nutrient bioavailability

Extent nutrients can be absorbed and utilized.

Super dosing

High levels of phytase to enhance phosphorus release.

Gut irritation reduction

Benefit of exogenous phytase in digestion.

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins, essential for growth.

Dietary nutrient availability

Accessibility of nutrients for absorption in the gut.

Microbial growth

Increased by poor nutrient digestibility and gut health.

Maintenance costs

Expenses related to sustaining animal health and performance.

NSP enzymes

Reduce digesta viscosity and improve gut health.

Symbiotic gut ecosystem

Maintains beneficial microbial populations in the intestine.

Xylanase

Enzyme that breaks down arabinoxylan in feed.

Nutrient digestibility

Improved by xylanase, reducing pathogenic bacteria.

Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides

Prebiotics stimulating immune responses in the intestine.

Feed conversion ratio (FCR)

Measure of feed efficiency in animal production.

Exogenous NSP enzymes

Supplemental enzymes enhancing feedstuff utility and performance.

Body weight gain

Increased by enzyme supplementation in animal diets.

Dietary protein costs

Rising expenses affecting animal feed formulations.

Crude protein digestibility

Undigested protein represents opportunity for supplementation.

Supplementary proteases

Enhance protein digestibility by complementing digestive enzymes.

Protein hydrolysis

Breakdown of dietary proteins into peptides and amino acids.

Protein-starch interactions

Disrupted by proteases to improve nutrient availability.

Anti-nutrients in soybean

Degraded by proteases to enhance nutrient absorption.

Solubilization of NSP

Increased by exogenous proteases for better digestion.

Phytase access

Enhanced by proteases and xylanases to degrade phytate.

Animal performance

Improved through enzyme supplementation in feed.

Feed raw materials

Expanded options for formulating animal diets.

Digestive enzymes

Natural enzymes aiding in nutrient breakdown.

Xylanase and food safety

Reduces nutrients for pathogenic bacteria in intestines.

Caine et al. (1998)

Study on protein hydrolysis and solubility.

Emulsifiers

Enhance fat mixing in gut for digestion.

Lipases

Enzymes that break down fats in feed.

Probiotics

Live microorganisms improving gut microbial balance.

Competitive Exclusion

Probiotics colonize gut, preventing pathogen growth.

Bacterial Antagonism

Probiotics produce substances harmful to pathogens.

Immune Modulation

Probiotics stimulate immune response against pathogens.

Prebiotics

Substrates selectively used by beneficial gut microorganisms.

Oligosaccharides

Carbohydrates often used as prebiotics.

Bacillus

A genus of bacteria used in probiotics.

Enterococcus

A strain authorized for animal nutrition in EU.

Lactobacillus

Bacteria strain beneficial for gut health.

Pediococcus

Bacterial strain used in probiotic formulations.

Saccharomyces

Yeast species used in probiotic supplements.

Gut Microflora

Microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract.

Feed Digestibility

Efficiency of nutrient absorption from feed.

Energy Cost Reduction

Lower energy requirements due to emulsifier use.

Live Microbial Feed Supplement

Probiotics that enhance host animal health.

Strain Combination

Mix of different probiotic bacteria or yeasts.

Gastrointestinal Immune Response

Body's defense mechanism in the gut.

Synergistic Action

Combined effect of emulsifiers and bile salts.

Bactericidal Properties

Ability to kill bacteria, provided by probiotics.

Fructo-oligo-saccharides (FOS)

Prebiotic used to combat pathogens in animals.

Xylo-oligo-saccharides (XOS)

Prebiotic that supports gut health and pathogen control.

Mannan-oligo-saccharides (MOS)

Prebiotic that enhances immune function in animals.

Galacto-oligo-saccharides (GOS)

Prebiotic that promotes beneficial gut bacteria.

Synbiotics

Combination of prebiotics and probiotics for synergy.

Organic acids

Substances that alter gut microbial populations.

Digestive enzyme activity

Enhanced by organic acid supplementation in diets.

Microbial phytase activity

Increased by organic acids for better nutrient absorption.

Pancreatic secretion

Release organic acids to aid digestion.

Intestinal mucosa growth

Promoted by organic acids for improved gut health.

Plant extracts

Natural products added to animal feed for performance.

Plant secondary metabolites

Compounds derived from plants with varied nutritional value.

Essential oils

Concentrated plant extracts with potential health benefits.

Phytogenics

Plant-derived substances used to enhance animal diets.

Egg yolk pigmentation

Color influenced by carotenoids in poultry feed.

DSM Yolk Colour Fan

Scale measuring preferred yolk color intensity.

Mycotoxins

Toxic compounds produced by moulds in feeds.