Parasitology Exam 1 (ch. 5-6)

What is the scientific name for true tapeworms?

Eucestoda

On the extreme anterior end of the true tapeworm is the holdfast organelle known as the ____

scolex (head)

True tapeworms have 4 ____ which is how it holds on to the lining of the small intestines

suckers

T or F: The suckers of true tapeworms are not associated with the intkae of food, there are just an organ of attachment

True

Some tapeworms possess an anchorlike organelle called the ____

rostellum

The ____ are backward-facing hooks that allow a tapeworm to further anchor itself into the mucosa of the small intestine.

rostellum

The ramaining of the tapeworm body is called a strobila composed of individual _____

glottids 

The proglottids that closes to the scolex (head) are the ____ proglottids

immature

The proglottids that are intermediate from the scolex is the ____ proglottids

mature

The proglottids that are farthest from the scolex are the ____ proglottids

gravid 

T or F: Each proglottid contains a complete set of male and female reproductive organs

True

Eggs of the true tapeworm found in the gravid proglottids contains the larval stage known as the ____

hexacanth

Hexacanths can be contained in one of 4 egg types. What are they?

1. Pyriform apparatus

2. Dipylidium 

3. Taenia

4. Pseudophyllidean 

What egg type?

Pyriform apparatus

What egg type?

Dipylidium

What type egg?

Taenia

What type egg?

Pseudophyllidean

In the true tapeworm life cycle, the ____ proglottid passess out into the environment, ruptures, and releases thousands of hexacanth embryos

gravid

T or F: There are several forms of the larval stage; and what form the tapeworm takes depends on the choice of host, their structure, their predilection site, and the pathogenicity to the intermediate host

True

What are the three main forms of larval stages in tapeworms?

• cysticercoid

• cysticercus

• hydatid cyst

The definitive host ingests the intermediate host that contains the larval stage. The tapeworm emerges from the larval stage, attaches to the lining of the small intestine, and begins to produce ____

strobila

There are two different types of intermediate hosts for true tapeworms. What are they?

1. The intermediate host may be an arthropod, like a flea or grain mite. 

2. The intermediate host can be a mammal, like a rabbit. 

If the intermediate host of a true tapeworm is an arthropod, then the larval stage is known as a _____

cysticercoid

If the intermediate host of a true tapeworm is a mammal, then the larval stage is known as a _____

cysticercus

What is the scientific name for pseudotapeworms?

cotyloda 

Instead of 4 suckers, pseudotapeworms have 2 slit-like organelles called ____ 

bothria 

How do pseudotapeworms absorb their nutrients?

through their skin

The eggs of pseudotapeworms do not resemble those of true tapeworms because they have an ____

operculum 

Pseudotapeworm life cycle: The operculated eggs pass into the environment. If they contact water, they hatch and release a ciliated hexacanth called a ____ which must be ingested by an intermediate host

coracidum

The intermediate host of pseudotapeworms is an aquatic crustacean called a ____

copepod

T or F: Pseudotapeworm larvae must go through two separate intermediate hosts

True

Diphyllobothrium latum (broad fish tapeworm)

Spirometra mansonoides (zipper tapeworm)

This is a true tapeworm whose hosts are mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, dogs, and humans

Hymenolepis spp

What are the two types of tapeworms within the Hymenolepis species?

• Hymenolepis nana

• Hymenolepis diminuta

What is the intermediate host for Hymenolepis nana?

none

What is the intermediate host for Hymenolepis diminuta 

• fleas

• flour beetles

• other arthropods

What is the transmission route for Hymenolepis nana?

ingestion of infective egg or autoinfection

What is the route of transmission for Hymenolepis diminuta?

ingestion of infective fleas, grain beetles, or cockroach 

How is Hymenolepis spp diagnosed?

fecal float

What is the treatment for Hymenolepis spp?

Niclosamide or Praziquantel

What is the common name for Hymenolepis spp?

rodent tapeworm

What is the scientific name for the rodent tapeworm?

Hymenolepis spp

Does Hymenolepis spp have zoonotic potential?

yes

Hymenolepis nana

What is the common name for Moniezia benedini and Moniezia expansa?

ruminant tapeworm

What is the scientific name for the ruminant tapeworm?

Moniezia benedini and Moniezia expansa

Who is the host for Moniezia benedini? 

cattle

Who is the host for Moniezia expansa?

• cattle

• sheep

• goats

What is the intermediate host for the Moniezia spp?

grain mites

What is the location of the Moniezia spp?

small intesitnes 

What is the route of transmission for the Moniezia spp?

ingestion of infective grain mite

What is the treatment for Moniezia spp?

Morantel, Niclosamide, Albendazole, Fenbendazole, or Oxfendazole and pasture rotation

Moniezia expansa

Moniezia benedini

Who is the host for Taenia saginata? 

humans

What is the intermediate host for Taenia saginata?

cattle

What is the location of Taenia saginata?

small intestine

What is the route of transmission for Taenia saginata?

ingestion of raw or undercooked infective beef

The larval stage of Taenia saginata is a cysticerus and they are found in the ____ of cattle

skeletal and cardiac muscle

How do we diagnose Taenia saginata?

observation at necropsy or serological tests

What is the treatment for Taenia saginata?

none

How do we prevent Taenia saginata?

prevent contamination of human feces in cattle feed

Taenia saginata

Who is the host for Taenia solium? 

humans

What is the intermediate host for Taenia solium?

pigs

What is the location of Taenia solium?

small intestines

What is the route of transmission for Taenia solium?

ingestion of infective undercooked or raw pork

How do we diagnose Taenia solium?

fecal float or necropsy

Humans infected with Taenia solium can have ____ develop within their muscles and nervous tissue

cysticercus

What is the treatment for Taenia solium?

none

What is the prevention for Taenia solium?

prevent pig ingestion of human feces, cook pork completely

Taenia solium 

Who is the host for Anoplocephala spp and Paranoplocephala mamillana?

horses

What is the intermediate host for Anoplocephala spp and Paranoplocephala mamillana?

grain mites

What is the route of transmission for Anoplocephala spp and Paranoplocephala mamillana?

ingestion of infective grain mites 

How do we diagnose Anoplocephala spp and Paranoplocephala mamillana?

fecal float

What is the treatment for Anoplocephala spp and Paranoplocephala mamillana?

• Pyrantel pamoate

• Pyrantel tartarte

• Praziquantel

____ eggs have a 3 layered eggshell 

Anoplocephala spp and Paranoplocephala mamillana

What is the common name for Dipylidium caninum?

cucumber seed tapeworm

What is the scientific name for cucumber seed tapeworm?

Dipylidium caninum

Who is the host for Dipylidium caninum?

dogs and cats 

What is the intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum?

adult fleas

What is the location of Dipylidium caninum?

small intestine

What is the route of transmission for Dipylidium caninum?

ingestion of infective adult flea 

How do we diagnose Dipylidium caninum?

fecal float or presence in stool

What is the treatment for Dipylidium caninum?

Praziquantel or epsiprantel and flea control

Does Dipylidium caninum have zoonotic potential?

yes

What is the scientific name for rabbit tapeworm?

Taenia pisiformis

What is the scientific name for ruminant tapeworm?

Taenia hydatigena

What is the scientific name for sheep tapeworm?

Taenia ovis

Who is the definitive host for Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, and T. ovis?

dogs

What is the location for Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, and T. ovis?

small intestines

What is the route of transmission for Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, and T. ovis?

ingestion of infective intermediate host

How do we diagnose Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, and T. ovis?

fecal float

Who is the host of Taenia taeniaeformis?

cats

What is the intermediate host for Taenia taeniaeformis?

rats and mice

What is the location of Taenia taeniaeformis?

small intestines

What is the route of transmission of Taenia taeniaeformis?

ingestion of infective rats or mice

How do we diagnose Taenia taeniaeformis?

fecal float or presence of proglottids in feces