Health Care and Environmental Issues

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to health care organizations, government-funded programs, climate change, and environmental issues discussed in the lecture.

HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)

A managed care organization that requires members to choose a primary care physician (PCP) and obtain referrals for specialist care.

PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)

A type of health plan that allows members to see any health care provider without a referral; offers a larger network but typically at higher costs.

POS (Point of Service)

A hybrid health plan requiring a primary care physician, with some flexibility for out-of-network coverage but usually at a higher cost.

FSA (Flexible Spending Account)

A tax-advantaged financial account that allows individuals to set aside pre-tax funds for eligible health expenses.

HSA (Health Savings Account)

A tax-exempt account that allows individuals to save for medical expenses; contributions can be made by both employers and employees.

Medicare

A federal insurance program primarily for individuals 65 years or older, as well as for some younger people with disabilities.

Medicaid

A federal and state program that provides health care coverage for low-income individuals and families.

Air Quality Index

A measure used to communicate how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become.

Climate Change

Long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions that significantly affect the planet.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat, contributing to the greenhouse effect; key examples include carbon dioxide and methane.

Water Scarcity

A condition in which the available water supply is insufficient to meet the demands of water usage.

Solid Waste

Any unwanted material or substance that is discarded, which can significantly accumulate as populations grow.

Hazardous Waste

Waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment due to its chemical composition.