Biology 431: Human Anatomy & Physiology - Gas Exchange & O2 Transport

These flashcards cover the key concepts of gas exchange, respiration processes, and gas properties in human anatomy and physiology.

The gas exchange that occurs in the lungs is called __.

External respiration.

Internal respiration involves gas exchange in __.

Tissues.

Dalton's Law states that the total pressure in a gas mixture is the __ of the individual pressures of the gases.

Sum.

Oxygen makes up __ of air, resulting in a partial pressure of 159 mm Hg at sea level.

20.9%.

CO2 is __ more soluble in water than O2.

20 times.

For effective gas exchange, ventilation and __ must be compatible.

Perfusion.

Changes in PCO2 affect the __.

Bronchioles.

The pressure gradient for O2 in the lungs involves alveolar PO2 of __ mm Hg.

104.

The resting tissues have a PO2 of __ mm Hg.

40.

Molecular O2 is carried in the blood mostly bound to __.

Hemoglobin.

The common term for reduced hemoglobin is __.

Deoxyhemoglobin.

Normal hemoglobin saturation is between and percent.

95% and 99%.

In arterial blood, Hb is approximately __% saturated at a PO2 of 100 mm Hg.

98%.

Hb saturation in venous blood at a PO2 of 40 mm Hg is about __% saturated.

75%.

The O2-Hb dissociation curve shows the relationship between PO2 and __ saturation.

Hemoglobin.

A decreased pH in capillary blood leads to __ O2 unloading.

Increased.

The relationship between blood pH and oxygen’s affinity for Hb is known as the __ effect.

Bohr.

The process of gas exchange that supplies the body with oxygen is termed __ respiration.

External.

Alveolus PO2 is mmHg, while PCO2 is mmHg.

104, 40.

Systemic arterial blood has a PO2 of __ mm Hg.

100.

Henry’s Law states that each gas in a liquid will dissolve in proportion to its __ pressure.

Partial.

Oxyhemoglobin refers to hemoglobin that is __ to oxygen.

Bound.

Under normal conditions, venous reserve refers to oxygen remaining in __ blood.

Venous.

The gas that has a partial pressure of 597 mm Hg in the atmosphere is __.

Nitrogen.

Partial pressure gradients help facilitate gas exchange during __ respiration.

External.

Gases in a mixture exert their own __ pressure.

Partial.

CO2 diffuses more easily from blood to alveoli because of its higher __ compared to O2.

Solubility.

Changes in PO2 cause adjustments in small blood vessels called __.

Arterioles.

Gas diffusion during respiration is primarily influenced by differences in __ pressures.

Partial.

Pulmonary capillaries in the lungs have a PO2 of __ mm Hg.

40.