Bone X-ray lecture

What anatomical term describes the ends of a bone?

Epiphysis

What anatomical term describes the shaft of a bone?

diaphysis

What is the line that separates the epiphysis and diaphysis which will fuse later in life? Responsible for longitudinal growth

physis aka growth plate

What is a sesamoid bone?

A bone that ossifies within a tendon. The largest being the patella.

What is an apophysis and what are some examples

a bony outgrowth which starts as a separate piece of bone and later fuses. It serves as an attachment site for tendons/ligaments

Calcaneal tuberosity

Greater Trochanter

Compare the densities of the bone cortex and medulla in terms of imaging.

The outer cortex is denser more white than the inner medulla

What are osteophytes and what do they indicate?

They are bone spurs near the joint space which indicates a potential issue such as joint narrowing.

Transverse Fracture

fracture is straight across

Oblique

fracture is diagonal

Spiral

staircase like. somewhat looks like 2 oblique fractures

Comminuted Fracture

fracture with multiple fragments

Segmental Fracture

Two fractures on one bone

Impacted fracture

when the broken ends of a bone are driven into each other without displacement

Depressed fracture

Impacted fracture involving the articular surface of a bone and causing joint incongruity

Avulsion fracture

Tendon or ligament is pulled away from the bone dragging a part of the bone with it

Greenstick fracure

Incomplete break where one side cracks and the other bends. Typically pediatric

Buckle fracture

aka torus fracture. Incomplete break where the bone bulges outward

Compound Fracture

aka Open fracture where the skin has been broken.

Closed non-displaced transverse fracture of the distal right tibia

Closed displaced transverse fracture of the mid humeral shaft

Closed non-displaced transverse fracture of the distal left radial shaft

Closed displaced oblique fracture of the mid tibial shaft

Closed nondisplaced oblique fracture of the proximal 1/3 shaft of the right first metatarsal

Closed nondisplaced oblique interarticular fracture of the 5th metacarpal base

Displaced closed comminuted fracture of the femoral shaft

Closed Minimally displaced spiral fracture of the distal tibia

Just identify the fracture pattern

Greenstick

Identify the fracture pattern

Greenstick

What is the fracture pattern seen in these two images?

Buckle fracture

Identify the fracture pattern

Stress fracture

The result of repeated low impact trauma. No visible fracture line. Subtle calcification of the periosteum is known as periosteal rxn.

What is the name of the fracture that occurs at the site of orthopedic metalwork?

Periprosthetic fracture

What are fractures caused by generalized low bone density which can be seen by comparing the cortical thickness with the normal bone

Osteoporotic fracture