Applying methods of modifying

What is the biological cause of criminal behaviour?

Amygdala implicated in crime leading to dysfunctions of fear, aggression and links to hypothalamus.

How should the method of modifying work according to Biological?

should reduce activity in brain that leads to fear and aggression by stimulating areas of prefrontal cortex → reduction of Criminal behaviour

What is the Biological method of modifying?

transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

How does biological tDCS work?

modulates brain areas by emitting weak current in 2 electrodes attached to scalp where current flows between electrodes through brain which decreases or increases certain behaviours.

Biological Molero-Chamizo (2019)

tDCS significantly reduced aggression only in group of murderers and self report aggression in murd and non. Reduces criminal intent and raises moral awareness.

What is individual differences cause of criminal behaviour?

cognitive distortion causes irrational thinking such as bad perceptions, hostile attribution bias, minimilisation.

How should individual differences method work?

Challenge cognitive distortions and erradicate errors, replace maladaptive thoughts, recognise triggers and replace.

What is individual differences method of modifying?

Anger Management.

How does Anger management work?

Form of CBT, teaches productive methods of managing anger.

What are the stages of anger management?

1- Cogntitive preparation

2- Skill aquisition

3- Application practice

Individual differences Novaco (1975)

Some violent offences occur because offender cannot effectively deal with anger.

What is the social psychological cause of criminal behaviour?

Differential association → Sutherland criminal behaviour is learnt through social learning.

How should social method of modifying work?

Provide criminal with an alternative option to crime to distract and disengage with crime especially in areas with high gang culture.

What is the social method of modifying?

Disengagement and Distraction activities

How does Disengagement and Distraction activites work?

Disengage gang culture, A large cause of gang problems is a lack of opportunities.

What is socials’ Kenco Coffee?

Young people in honduras are encouraged to coffee farm where they learn skills and success through DA rather than in gang culture.