Ap Human Geography Unit 4

state

political unit ruled by an established government, had control over its internal and foreign affairs

states are

recognized by other states

states can

administer laws, collect taxes, provide for defense

country

synonym for state

nation

people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history

desire political autonomy: independent, have there own space

Native Americans, Navajo Nation

nation state

state with a single nation

few in the world: Japan, Denmark, Iceland

same nationality

multinational state

state with two or more nationalities

Nigeria ( over 400 different nationalities )

Multi State nation

North and South Korea

same nationality but different states

autonimous region

indepent region inside a state

becuase of a physical boundry

stateless nation

Kurds

semiautonimous region

beilve that you are not apart of the state

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sovereignty

final authority over a territory, and the right to defend against an invasion

Ukraine

self determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

Kurds want self-determination ( They want to determine their fate )

colonialism

rule by a powerful state and the indigenous people are controlled by the state. Creates an unequal structure and economic relationships

Why did Europeans do this:

* Promote Christianity
* extract useful resources and serve as captive markets for their products
* establish relative power through the number of colonies claimed

imperialism

create and expand an empire

British did this Japanese, China, Russia

independance

an area that believes they should be free

Devolution of Yugoslavia

broke up in 1992 due to the breakdown of the Soviet Union

Broke into the Slovenia, Croatia, B&H, Montenegro, Kosovo, Serbia

irredentism

the major country says to the rest of the world that they take back the land

Ukraine with Russia

shatterbelt

an area that at any moment it could go into intense war, so weakened by hatred

Balkans

Choke points

The geographical feature that has a huge significance to the movement of the rest of the world

the ability for anyone to get through is narrow

The Jebroughter choke point

Atlantic to the Mediterranean sea

whoever owns Jebroughter controls the Mediterranean, and can control all of South Europe

Suez canal choke hold

Northern Africa and Europe to India for trade. Egypt blocked the Suez canal in the cold war, this lead to war so that everyone could us it.

neo colonialism

form of indirect control

the use of economic or political pressure to control a former colony

this is true for Africa, ethiopia

relic

boundary that no longer exists but the remanence is still there

relic example

The Great Wall of China

Hadrian’s Wall, separate Scotland and England

Superimposed

the boundary that has been placed by powerful outsiders, without any regard for ethnic groups

Israel and Palestine (Brits)

Almost every border in Africa

Ycolsavia into the Balkans

Antecedent

Just a manaturaltural boundary

mountains, forest, rivers, and oceans

Alps

Andes mountains (South Africa)

Rio Grande

Geometric

Straight line or arch

* 49th Parallel ( United States and Canada)
* South Dakota and North Dakota
* 17th Parallel ( Military line between North and South Vietnam )

Consequent

a boundary that coincides with culture groups (languages)

* Europe

frontier

not a country, land that no one owns. If it is near you, you can get it

West in the colonial days

Antarctica

Heartland Theory

The group or nation that dominates the heartland, can extend its domination over a far wider area. Primarily Central Asia, the high seas, and Eurasia.

* Nazi party
* Soviet Union during the Cold War
* 1914-19 the world went to war over the eastern Balkans

Rimland Theory

Whoever would control the rimland would eventually control World Island. Whoever would control the World Island would soon control the world

Have control of trade

The Soviet Union desired to control the rimland around them

china is now on the move, with conquering small islands

Organic State Theory

* Political entities continually seek nourishment in the form of gaining territories to survive in the same way that a living organism seeks nourishment from food to survive
* the more territory that a country conquers the more that the particular political entity can sustain and preserve itself
* Go out and conquer all the territory that you possibly can
* if you do not comply with a country you will get taken over, like a virus
* Soviet union and Nazis

Gerrymandering

When the state legislature redraws legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power

* every ten years

Unitary states

* top, down
* Japan is an example because it is an extremely small country
* it is easy to communicate
* all Japanese

Federalized states

locally based, dispersed power state

Germany is an example ( US was there when the constitution was being made)

United States

United Kingdom

England, Scotland, wales, and northern Ireland