Gen Chem 1 Vocab/Important Phrases

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27 Terms

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Intensive property

property that doesn’t change despite the amount of substance, ex: temperature, density

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Extensive property

property that changes due to the amount of substance

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Law of Conservation of Mass

states that the mass in a closed system cannot be created nor destroyed but transformed

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Law of Conservation of Energy

states that the energy cannot be created nor destroyed but transformed

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Law of Definite Proportions

a chemical compound will contain the same elements in the same proportions to its original mass

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Degenerate orbital

an orbital that has the same energy level as another orbital, typically found in multi-electron atoms

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Pauli Exclusion Principle

no 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers (this is prevented by using 1/2, -1/2 spin)

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Aufbau’s principle

electrons fill lower energy levels first

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Hund’s rule

electrons fill degenerate orbitals first (ex: one out of 3 electrons per 2p square)

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Diamagnetic

no unpaired electrons

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Paramagnetic

unpaired electrons present

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Atomic size/radius

increases going down a column/group, decreases going down a row/period

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Ionization Energy

energy required to remove an electron, increases as you move down a row/period, decreases as you move down a column/group, He has the highest IE

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Coulomb’s Law

distance is inversely proportional to the charge, two charges’ magnitudes are directly proportional to their product’s charge’s magnitude

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ionic bond

chemical bond, forms between a metal and a nonmetal, high electronegativity difference, forms if there is a net reduction in potential energy between two charged particles, according to Coulomb's law

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covalent bond

chemical bond, electronegativity difference <2, formed between two nonmetals, electrons shared

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radical

molecule that contains at least one unpaired electron

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Where are sigma bonds found?

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Where are pi bonds found?

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Bond length

increases down a group, decreases across a period

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Resonance

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Polarity

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gas evolving reaction

typically results in O2 or CO2in the form of a gas

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precipitate

solid produced as a result of a precipitation reaction

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