Scotus

Engel v. Vitale

Supreme Court case that declared school sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause.

Wall of Separation

Thomas Jefferson's description of how religion should interact with government, ensuring separation between church and state.

Establishment Clause

Clause in the First Amendment that prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or favoring one religion over another.

Free Exercise Clause

First Amendment provision that protects individuals' rights to practice their religion freely.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Supreme Court case that upheld students' rights to free speech in schools, specifically allowing the wearing of armbands as a form of protest.

Clear and Present Danger Test

Standard used to determine if speech can be limited if it poses a clear and immediate threat.

Gitlow v. New York

Supreme Court case establishing that the First Amendment applies to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment, involving the right to free speech.

New York Times v. United States

Supreme Court case that ruled the government could not prevent the publication of classified information without showing justification, upholding freedom of the press.

Compulsory Education Law

Law requiring all children to attend school until a certain age, examined in Wisconsin v. Yoder which balanced state interests against religious freedoms.

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction under the Espionage Act, setting precedent that civil liberties are limited during wartime.